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Performance measurements › x86_1 › hash-07 · system: x86_1 · arm_1
hash-07 Dragon Hash Family — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)
Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.
1. Basic information
- Category: cryptographic hash algorithm; function: hash
- Algorithm: Dragon Hash Family
- Implementation versions measured: reference
- Parameter sets:
Dragon-512,Dragon-768,Dragon-1024,Dragon-XOF-256,Dragon-XOF-384,Dragon-XOF-512 - Security evaluation: hash-07 report
- Measurement method: x86_1 method
- Submission: NICCS page
2. Assessment environment
| item | value |
|---|---|
| processor | 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core) |
| clock | max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off |
| memory | 31788 MiB |
| OS / kernel | Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64 |
| compiler / build tool | gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6 |
| campaign start / end (UTC) | 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21 |
3. Functional testing (KAT)
Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest hash-07/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.
| instance | build flags | KAT |
|---|---|---|
Dragon-512 |
guide | PASS |
Dragon-768 |
guide | PASS |
Dragon-1024 |
guide | PASS |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
guide | PASS |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
guide | PASS |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
guide | PASS |
4. Performance
| instance | message | mean cycles | cycles/byte | mean time | MB/s | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dragon-512 |
32 B | 2436 | 76.1 | 1.17 µs | 27.4 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-512 |
128 B | 4791 | 37.4 | 2.3 µs | 55.7 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-512 |
512 B | 11.6 k | 22.6 | 5.55 µs | 92.2 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-512 |
1024 B | 20.4 k | 19.9 | 9.77 µs | 104.8 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-512 |
4096 B | 75.3 k | 18.4 | 36 µs | 113.7 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-512 |
8192 B | 149.0 k | 18.2 | 71.3 µs | 115.0 | 66700 (5 × 13340) |
Dragon-512 |
16384 B | 293.2 k | 17.9 | 140 µs | 116.8 | 33715 (5 × 6743) |
Dragon-512 |
65536 B | 1.17 M | 17.8 | 559 µs | 117.3 | 8940 (5 × 1788) |
Dragon-768 |
32 B | 2418 | 75.6 | 1.16 µs | 27.6 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-768 |
128 B | 4786 | 37.4 | 2.29 µs | 55.8 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-768 |
512 B | 14.0 k | 27.3 | 6.68 µs | 76.6 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-768 |
1024 B | 25.4 k | 24.8 | 12.2 µs | 84.2 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-768 |
4096 B | 99.3 k | 24.2 | 47.5 µs | 86.2 | 87440 (5 × 17488) |
Dragon-768 |
8192 B | 196.9 k | 24.0 | 94.3 µs | 86.9 | 50085 (5 × 10017) |
Dragon-768 |
16384 B | 389.0 k | 23.7 | 186 µs | 88.0 | 25750 (5 × 5150) |
Dragon-768 |
65536 B | 1.57 M | 24.0 | 753 µs | 87.1 | 6520 (5 × 1304) |
Dragon-1024 |
32 B | 2424 | 75.8 | 1.16 µs | 27.5 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-1024 |
128 B | 7257 | 56.7 | 3.47 µs | 36.8 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-1024 |
512 B | 21.0 k | 41.0 | 10.1 µs | 50.9 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-1024 |
1024 B | 39.6 k | 38.7 | 19 µs | 54.0 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-1024 |
4096 B | 151.0 k | 36.9 | 72.2 µs | 56.7 | 65180 (5 × 13036) |
Dragon-1024 |
8192 B | 299.1 k | 36.5 | 143 µs | 57.2 | 34340 (5 × 6868) |
Dragon-1024 |
16384 B | 588.0 k | 35.9 | 281 µs | 58.2 | 17340 (5 × 3468) |
Dragon-1024 |
65536 B | 2.37 M | 36.2 | 1.14 ms | 57.7 | 4415 (5 × 883) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
32 B | 9860 | 308.1 | 4.72 µs | 6.8 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
128 B | 12.2 k | 95.0 | 5.82 µs | 22.0 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
512 B | 19.2 k | 37.5 | 9.19 µs | 55.7 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
1024 B | 28.1 k | 27.5 | 13.5 µs | 76.1 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
4096 B | 82.1 k | 20.1 | 39.3 µs | 104.2 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
8192 B | 154.3 k | 18.8 | 73.8 µs | 110.9 | 62880 (5 × 12576) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
16384 B | 297.0 k | 18.1 | 142 µs | 115.3 | 34240 (5 × 6848) |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
65536 B | 1.20 M | 18.3 | 573 µs | 114.4 | 9035 (5 × 1807) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
32 B | 9114 | 284.8 | 4.36 µs | 7.3 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
128 B | 11.4 k | 89.4 | 5.47 µs | 23.4 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
512 B | 20.8 k | 40.5 | 9.94 µs | 51.5 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
1024 B | 32.1 k | 31.4 | 15.4 µs | 66.6 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
4096 B | 106.7 k | 26.1 | 51.1 µs | 80.2 | 82885 (5 × 16577) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
8192 B | 203.2 k | 24.8 | 97.2 µs | 84.2 | 49045 (5 × 9809) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
16384 B | 400.2 k | 24.4 | 192 µs | 85.5 | 25670 (5 × 5134) |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
65536 B | 1.57 M | 24.0 | 751 µs | 87.2 | 6665 (5 × 1333) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
32 B | 8367 | 261.5 | 4 µs | 8.0 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
128 B | 13.1 k | 102.5 | 6.28 µs | 20.4 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
512 B | 27.0 k | 52.8 | 12.9 µs | 39.6 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
1024 B | 45.4 k | 44.4 | 21.7 µs | 47.1 | 100000 (5 × 20000) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
4096 B | 156.5 k | 38.2 | 74.9 µs | 54.7 | 58840 (5 × 11768) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
8192 B | 307.4 k | 37.5 | 147 µs | 55.7 | 32815 (5 × 6563) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
16384 B | 601.5 k | 36.7 | 288 µs | 56.9 | 17475 (5 × 3495) |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
65536 B | 2.38 M | 36.4 | 1.14 ms | 57.5 | 4405 (5 × 881) |
5. Resource consumption
Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.
| instance | operation | static: ELF image (bytes) | baseline RSS | peak RSS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dragon-512 |
hash_32 | 12921 | 1672 KiB | 1760 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_128 | 12921 | 1672 KiB | 1736 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_512 | 12921 | 1692 KiB | 1756 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_1024 | 12921 | 1676 KiB | 1740 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_4096 | 12921 | 1668 KiB | 1776 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_8192 | 12921 | 1684 KiB | 1764 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_16384 | 12921 | 1688 KiB | 1788 KiB |
Dragon-512 |
hash_65536 | 12921 | 1736 KiB | 1840 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_32 | 12953 | 1664 KiB | 1728 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_128 | 12953 | 1676 KiB | 1740 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_512 | 12953 | 1668 KiB | 1732 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_1024 | 12953 | 1676 KiB | 1776 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_4096 | 12953 | 1668 KiB | 1772 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_8192 | 12953 | 1696 KiB | 1784 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_16384 | 12953 | 1696 KiB | 1760 KiB |
Dragon-768 |
hash_65536 | 12953 | 1704 KiB | 1832 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_32 | 12865 | 1688 KiB | 1764 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_128 | 12865 | 1680 KiB | 1760 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_512 | 12865 | 1688 KiB | 1760 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_1024 | 12865 | 1684 KiB | 1768 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_4096 | 12865 | 1684 KiB | 1784 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_8192 | 12865 | 1680 KiB | 1788 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_16384 | 12865 | 1612 KiB | 1740 KiB |
Dragon-1024 |
hash_65536 | 12865 | 1732 KiB | 1832 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_32 | 13409 | 1664 KiB | 1760 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_128 | 13409 | 1664 KiB | 1768 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_512 | 13409 | 1668 KiB | 1732 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_1024 | 13409 | 1668 KiB | 1756 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_4096 | 13409 | 1692 KiB | 1772 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_8192 | 13409 | 1680 KiB | 1744 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_16384 | 13409 | 1704 KiB | 1792 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
hash_65536 | 13409 | 1752 KiB | 1816 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_32 | 13473 | 1672 KiB | 1736 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_128 | 13473 | 1692 KiB | 1756 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_512 | 13473 | 1664 KiB | 1728 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_1024 | 13473 | 1636 KiB | 1764 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_4096 | 13473 | 1700 KiB | 1764 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_8192 | 13473 | 1704 KiB | 1768 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_16384 | 13473 | 1684 KiB | 1800 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
hash_65536 | 13473 | 1760 KiB | 1848 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_32 | 13361 | 1692 KiB | 1776 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_128 | 13361 | 1660 KiB | 1724 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_512 | 13361 | 1676 KiB | 1756 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_1024 | 13361 | 1668 KiB | 1776 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_4096 | 13361 | 1668 KiB | 1772 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_8192 | 13361 | 1692 KiB | 1780 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_16384 | 13361 | 1688 KiB | 1752 KiB |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
hash_65536 | 13361 | 1744 KiB | 1840 KiB |
7. Raw evidence index
Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.
| instance | item | file |
|---|---|---|
Dragon-512 |
KAT log (sha256 ee7e53e5b6444ac8…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-512.log |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_128.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_32.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_512.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-512 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-512__hash_8192.json |
Dragon-768 |
KAT log (sha256 3fcaae89e8474427…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-768.log |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_128.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_32.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_512.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-768 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-768__hash_8192.json |
Dragon-1024 |
KAT log (sha256 525de49a7c05e735…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-1024.log |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_128.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_32.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_512.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-1024 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-1024__hash_8192.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
KAT log (sha256 e732e6ecbef06712…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256.log |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_128.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_32.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_512.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-XOF-256 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-256__hash_8192.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
KAT log (sha256 3134cee8b5b589f7…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384.log |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_128.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_32.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_512.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-XOF-384 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-384__hash_8192.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
KAT log (sha256 9169a0d7cf4da58b…) |
kat/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512.log |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_1024 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_1024.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_128 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_128.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_16384 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_16384.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_32 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_32.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_4096 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_4096.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_512 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_512.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_65536 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_65536.json |
Dragon-XOF-512 |
timing hash_8192 | records/hash-07/Dragon-XOF-512__hash_8192.json |
Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.