Performance measurements › x86_1 › hash-33 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

hash-33 Thunder Hash Family — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: cryptographic hash algorithm; function: hash
Algorithm: Thunder Hash Family
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Thunder-512, Thunder-768, Thunder-1024, Thunder-XOF-256, Thunder-XOF-384, Thunder-XOF-512
Security evaluation: hash-33 report
Measurement method: x86_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock	max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory	31788 MiB
OS / kernel	Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool	gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest hash-33/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Thunder-512`	guide	PASS
`Thunder-768`	guide	PASS
`Thunder-1024`	guide	PASS
`Thunder-XOF-256`	guide	PASS
`Thunder-XOF-384`	guide	PASS
`Thunder-XOF-512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	message	mean cycles	cycles/byte	mean time	MB/s	n
`Thunder-512`	32 B	4276	133.6	2.04 µs	15.6	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-512`	128 B	8466	66.1	4.05 µs	31.6	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-512`	512 B	21.0 k	41.0	10 µs	51.1	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-512`	1024 B	37.4 k	36.6	17.9 µs	57.2	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-512`	4096 B	137.1 k	33.5	65.5 µs	62.5	68670 (5 × 13734)
`Thunder-512`	8192 B	270.1 k	33.0	129 µs	63.5	36635 (5 × 7327)
`Thunder-512`	16384 B	536.3 k	32.7	256 µs	63.9	19185 (5 × 3837)
`Thunder-512`	65536 B	2.13 M	32.4	1.02 ms	64.6	4830 (5 × 966)
`Thunder-768`	32 B	4240	132.5	2.03 µs	15.8	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-768`	128 B	8426	65.8	4.03 µs	31.8	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-768`	512 B	25.2 k	49.1	12 µs	42.6	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-768`	1024 B	45.8 k	44.7	21.9 µs	46.8	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-768`	4096 B	178.3 k	43.5	85.2 µs	48.1	53775 (5 × 10755)
`Thunder-768`	8192 B	357.3 k	43.6	171 µs	48.0	28000 (5 × 5600)
`Thunder-768`	16384 B	710.5 k	43.4	339 µs	48.3	14395 (5 × 2879)
`Thunder-768`	65536 B	2.84 M	43.3	1.36 ms	48.3	3600 (5 × 720)
`Thunder-1024`	32 B	4266	133.3	2.04 µs	15.7	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-1024`	128 B	12.5 k	97.9	6 µs	21.3	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-1024`	512 B	37.3 k	72.9	17.8 µs	28.7	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-1024`	1024 B	70.3 k	68.7	33.6 µs	30.5	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-1024`	4096 B	268.1 k	65.5	128 µs	32.0	36640 (5 × 7328)
`Thunder-1024`	8192 B	530.3 k	64.7	253 µs	32.3	19020 (5 × 3804)
`Thunder-1024`	16384 B	1.06 M	64.8	507 µs	32.3	9790 (5 × 1958)
`Thunder-1024`	65536 B	4.24 M	64.7	2.02 ms	32.4	2450 (5 × 490)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	32 B	11.4 k	357.5	5.47 µs	5.9	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	128 B	15.6 k	121.7	7.44 µs	17.2	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	512 B	28.1 k	54.9	13.4 µs	38.2	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	1024 B	44.8 k	43.8	21.4 µs	47.8	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	4096 B	144.5 k	35.3	69 µs	59.3	65680 (5 × 13136)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	8192 B	277.9 k	33.9	133 µs	61.7	36105 (5 × 7221)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	16384 B	542.6 k	33.1	259 µs	63.2	18725 (5 × 3745)
`Thunder-XOF-256`	65536 B	2.14 M	32.7	1.02 ms	64.0	4890 (5 × 978)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	32 B	10.7 k	334.4	5.12 µs	6.3	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	128 B	14.8 k	115.9	7.09 µs	18.1	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	512 B	31.4 k	61.3	15 µs	34.2	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	1024 B	52.2 k	51.0	25 µs	41.0	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	4096 B	185.1 k	45.2	88.4 µs	46.3	52545 (5 × 10509)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	8192 B	362.3 k	44.2	173 µs	47.3	27725 (5 × 5545)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	16384 B	716.2 k	43.7	342 µs	47.9	14275 (5 × 2855)
`Thunder-XOF-384`	65536 B	2.84 M	43.4	1.36 ms	48.2	3695 (5 × 739)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	32 B	9996	312.4	4.78 µs	6.7	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	128 B	18.3 k	143.1	8.75 µs	14.6	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	512 B	43.0 k	84.0	20.5 µs	24.9	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	1024 B	76.1 k	74.3	36.4 µs	28.2	100000 (5 × 20000)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	4096 B	274.7 k	67.1	131 µs	31.2	36545 (5 × 7309)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	8192 B	539.0 k	65.8	257 µs	31.8	19095 (5 × 3819)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	16384 B	1.07 M	65.2	510 µs	32.1	8055 (5 × 1611)
`Thunder-XOF-512`	65536 B	4.22 M	64.4	2.02 ms	32.5	2475 (5 × 495)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Thunder-512`	hash_32	12865	1692 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_128	12865	1672 KiB	1772 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_512	12865	1668 KiB	1732 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_1024	12865	1652 KiB	1776 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_4096	12865	1680 KiB	1780 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_8192	12865	1692 KiB	1784 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_16384	12865	1704 KiB	1792 KiB
`Thunder-512`	hash_65536	12865	1732 KiB	1796 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_32	12833	1656 KiB	1780 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_128	12833	1684 KiB	1748 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_512	12833	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_1024	12833	1644 KiB	1772 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_4096	12833	1688 KiB	1760 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_8192	12833	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_16384	12833	1704 KiB	1776 KiB
`Thunder-768`	hash_65536	12833	1740 KiB	1836 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_32	12905	1564 KiB	1688 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_128	12905	1672 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_512	12905	1680 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_1024	12905	1680 KiB	1776 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_4096	12905	1660 KiB	1784 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_8192	12905	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_16384	12905	1700 KiB	1764 KiB
`Thunder-1024`	hash_65536	12905	1728 KiB	1836 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_32	13417	1668 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_128	13417	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_512	13417	1672 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_1024	13417	1596 KiB	1724 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_4096	13417	1676 KiB	1784 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_8192	13417	1680 KiB	1768 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_16384	13417	1704 KiB	1784 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-256`	hash_65536	13417	1752 KiB	1832 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_32	13321	1684 KiB	1748 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_128	13321	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_512	13321	1692 KiB	1756 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_1024	13321	1676 KiB	1740 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_4096	13321	1680 KiB	1744 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_8192	13321	1676 KiB	1740 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_16384	13321	1676 KiB	1788 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-384`	hash_65536	13321	1732 KiB	1832 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_32	13361	1672 KiB	1736 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_128	13361	1688 KiB	1752 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_512	13361	1680 KiB	1744 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_1024	13361	1684 KiB	1780 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_4096	13361	1668 KiB	1776 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_8192	13361	1680 KiB	1780 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_16384	13361	1684 KiB	1796 KiB
`Thunder-XOF-512`	hash_65536	13361	1732 KiB	1832 KiB

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Thunder-512`	KAT log (sha256 `63a5e003891282f1…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-512.log`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-512`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-512__hash_8192.json`
`Thunder-768`	KAT log (sha256 `286f125d564d791b…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-768.log`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-768`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-768__hash_8192.json`
`Thunder-1024`	KAT log (sha256 `4566b268acd93efc…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-1024.log`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-1024`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-1024__hash_8192.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	KAT log (sha256 `7c96672deb6f2e19…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256.log`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-XOF-256`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-256__hash_8192.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	KAT log (sha256 `23c62d42218b7f0b…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384.log`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-XOF-384`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-384__hash_8192.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	KAT log (sha256 `ff24b90cbc52acd9…`)	`kat/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512.log`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_1024	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_1024.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_128	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_128.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_16384	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_16384.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_32	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_32.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_4096	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_4096.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_512	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_512.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_65536	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_65536.json`
`Thunder-XOF-512`	timing hash_8192	`records/hash-33/Thunder-XOF-512__hash_8192.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.