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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-04 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-04 BAG-Piglet — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-04/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
bag_piglet_128 guide PASS
bag_piglet_256 guide PASS
bag_piglet_384 guide PASS
bag_piglet_512 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
bag_piglet_128 keygen 1.61 M 770 µs 1.3e+03 770 µs 6190 (5 × 1238)
bag_piglet_128 enc 3.45 M 1.65 ms 607 1.65 ms 3015 (5 × 603)
bag_piglet_128 dec 12.12 M 5.79 ms 173 5.79 ms 865 (5 × 173)
bag_piglet_256 keygen 7.19 M 3.45 ms 290 3.44 ms 1310 (5 × 262)
bag_piglet_256 enc 22.75 M 10.9 ms 91.9 10.9 ms 460 (5 × 92)
bag_piglet_256 dec 81.52 M 39 ms 25.6 39 ms 130 (5 × 26)
bag_piglet_384 keygen 20.60 M 9.86 ms 101 9.86 ms 520 (5 × 104)
bag_piglet_384 enc 55.27 M 26.4 ms 37.9 26.4 ms 190 (5 × 38)
bag_piglet_384 dec 221.57 M 106 ms 9.44 106 ms 100 (5 × 20)
bag_piglet_512 keygen 92.32 M 44.2 ms 22.6 44.2 ms 115 (5 × 23)
bag_piglet_512 enc 193.81 M 92.6 ms 10.8 92.6 ms 100 (5 × 20)
bag_piglet_512 dec 725.11 M 348 ms 2.87 347 ms 100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
bag_piglet_128 keygen 72473 1744 KiB 1876 KiB
bag_piglet_128 enc 72473 1776 KiB 1880 KiB
bag_piglet_128 dec 72473 1804 KiB 1896 KiB
bag_piglet_256 keygen 73905 1784 KiB 1900 KiB
bag_piglet_256 enc 73905 1792 KiB 1860 KiB
bag_piglet_256 dec 73905 1932 KiB 2000 KiB
bag_piglet_384 keygen 74385 1756 KiB 2000 KiB
bag_piglet_384 enc 74385 1896 KiB 1960 KiB
bag_piglet_384 dec 74385 1972 KiB 2088 KiB
bag_piglet_512 keygen 78705 1768 KiB 2444 KiB
bag_piglet_512 enc 78705 2168 KiB 2236 KiB
bag_piglet_512 dec 78705 2276 KiB 2552 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
bag_piglet_128 522 16 1027 16
bag_piglet_256 1573 32 3097 32
bag_piglet_384 2778 48 5475 48
bag_piglet_512 4158 64 8204 64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — *_using_shake names parse pseudoXOF output; AES-256-CTR dead; DRNG only with -DBAG_PIGLET_KAT

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
bag_piglet_128 keygen 53% 0.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 4
bag_piglet_128 enc 17% 0.5% drng 4, pseudoXOF 5
bag_piglet_128 dec 14% 0.0% pseudoXOF 10
bag_piglet_256 keygen 24% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 4
bag_piglet_256 enc 5.6% 0.1% drng 5, pseudoXOF 5
bag_piglet_256 dec 4.4% 0.0% pseudoXOF 10
bag_piglet_384 keygen 33% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 4
bag_piglet_384 enc 8.9% 0.0% drng 5, pseudoXOF 5
bag_piglet_384 dec 6.3% 0.0% pseudoXOF 10
bag_piglet_512 keygen 56% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 4
bag_piglet_512 enc 18% 0.0% drng 5, pseudoXOF 5
bag_piglet_512 dec 14% 0.0% pseudoXOF 10

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
bag_piglet_128 KAT log (sha256 dc96d9827839f937…) kat/kem-04/bag_piglet_128.log
bag_piglet_128 timing dec records/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__dec.json
bag_piglet_128 timing enc records/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__enc.json
bag_piglet_128 timing keygen records/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__keygen.json
bag_piglet_128 hash profile dec profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__dec.json
bag_piglet_128 hash profile enc profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__enc.json
bag_piglet_128 hash profile keygen profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_128__keygen.json
bag_piglet_256 KAT log (sha256 98dcd2b80e466788…) kat/kem-04/bag_piglet_256.log
bag_piglet_256 timing dec records/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__dec.json
bag_piglet_256 timing enc records/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__enc.json
bag_piglet_256 timing keygen records/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__keygen.json
bag_piglet_256 hash profile dec profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__dec.json
bag_piglet_256 hash profile enc profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__enc.json
bag_piglet_256 hash profile keygen profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_256__keygen.json
bag_piglet_384 KAT log (sha256 6fe1b7d17156c860…) kat/kem-04/bag_piglet_384.log
bag_piglet_384 timing dec records/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__dec.json
bag_piglet_384 timing enc records/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__enc.json
bag_piglet_384 timing keygen records/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__keygen.json
bag_piglet_384 hash profile dec profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__dec.json
bag_piglet_384 hash profile enc profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__enc.json
bag_piglet_384 hash profile keygen profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_384__keygen.json
bag_piglet_512 KAT log (sha256 43dad9934e0dc8c5…) kat/kem-04/bag_piglet_512.log
bag_piglet_512 timing dec records/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__dec.json
bag_piglet_512 timing enc records/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__enc.json
bag_piglet_512 timing keygen records/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__keygen.json
bag_piglet_512 hash profile dec profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__dec.json
bag_piglet_512 hash profile enc profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__enc.json
bag_piglet_512 hash profile keygen profile/kem-04/bag_piglet_512__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.