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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-16 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-16 HARE — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-16/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
HARE-128-kr guide PASS
HARE-256-kr guide PASS
HARE-384-kr guide PASS
HARE-512-kr guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
HARE-128-kr keygen 5.89 M 2.82 ms 355 2.82 ms 1740 (5 × 348)
HARE-128-kr enc 12.93 M 6.18 ms 162 6.18 ms 810 (5 × 162)
HARE-128-kr dec 19.48 M 9.3 ms 107 9.3 ms 535 (5 × 107)
HARE-256-kr keygen 26.13 M 12.5 ms 80.1 12.5 ms 400 (5 × 80)
HARE-256-kr enc 55.20 M 26.4 ms 37.9 26.4 ms 190 (5 × 38)
HARE-256-kr dec 84.79 M 40.5 ms 24.7 40.5 ms 125 (5 × 25)
HARE-384-kr keygen 78.03 M 37.3 ms 26.8 37.3 ms 135 (5 × 27)
HARE-384-kr enc 161.95 M 77.4 ms 12.9 77.4 ms 100 (5 × 20)
HARE-384-kr dec 244.38 M 117 ms 8.56 117 ms 100 (5 × 20)
HARE-512-kr keygen 166.96 M 79.8 ms 12.5 79.8 ms 100 (5 × 20)
HARE-512-kr enc 342.73 M 164 ms 6.11 164 ms 100 (5 × 20)
HARE-512-kr dec 519.62 M 250 ms 4.01 248 ms 100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
HARE-128-kr keygen 50013 1724 KiB 1852 KiB
HARE-128-kr enc 50013 1804 KiB 1872 KiB
HARE-128-kr dec 50013 1824 KiB 1892 KiB
HARE-256-kr keygen 50661 1748 KiB 1992 KiB
HARE-256-kr enc 50661 1928 KiB 2028 KiB
HARE-256-kr dec 50661 1960 KiB 2048 KiB
HARE-384-kr keygen 51013 1748 KiB 2096 KiB
HARE-384-kr enc 51013 2124 KiB 2196 KiB
HARE-384-kr dec 51013 2204 KiB 2272 KiB
HARE-512-kr keygen 51917 1804 KiB 2336 KiB
HARE-512-kr enc 51917 2376 KiB 2448 KiB
HARE-512-kr dec 51917 2540 KiB 2624 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
HARE-128-kr 2629 2677 4688 16
HARE-256-kr 6580 6676 11790 32
HARE-384-kr 13157 13301 23693 48
HARE-512-kr 21812 22004 39294 64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — pseudoXOF only (recomputes prefix per call); lives under _shared/

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
HARE-128-kr keygen 3.0% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 6.41
HARE-128-kr enc 2.3% 0.1% drng 2, pseudoXOF 6
HARE-128-kr dec 2.1% 0.0% pseudoXOF 8
HARE-256-kr keygen 1.5% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 6.47
HARE-256-kr enc 1.1% 0.0% drng 2, pseudoXOF 6
HARE-256-kr dec 1.1% 0.0% pseudoXOF 8
HARE-384-kr keygen 1.1% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 7.52
HARE-384-kr enc 0.9% 0.0% drng 2, pseudoXOF 6
HARE-384-kr dec 1.0% 0.0% pseudoXOF 9
HARE-512-kr keygen 1.5% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 7.54
HARE-512-kr enc 1.0% 0.0% drng 2, pseudoXOF 6
HARE-512-kr dec 1.0% 0.0% pseudoXOF 9

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
HARE-128-kr KAT log (sha256 bf17fa8aef5af610…) kat/kem-16/HARE-128-kr.log
HARE-128-kr timing dec records/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__dec.json
HARE-128-kr timing enc records/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__enc.json
HARE-128-kr timing keygen records/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__keygen.json
HARE-128-kr hash profile dec profile/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__dec.json
HARE-128-kr hash profile enc profile/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__enc.json
HARE-128-kr hash profile keygen profile/kem-16/HARE-128-kr__keygen.json
HARE-256-kr KAT log (sha256 64fea5eaebf9c25a…) kat/kem-16/HARE-256-kr.log
HARE-256-kr timing dec records/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__dec.json
HARE-256-kr timing enc records/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__enc.json
HARE-256-kr timing keygen records/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__keygen.json
HARE-256-kr hash profile dec profile/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__dec.json
HARE-256-kr hash profile enc profile/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__enc.json
HARE-256-kr hash profile keygen profile/kem-16/HARE-256-kr__keygen.json
HARE-384-kr KAT log (sha256 be4e5f21f7c669ff…) kat/kem-16/HARE-384-kr.log
HARE-384-kr timing dec records/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__dec.json
HARE-384-kr timing enc records/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__enc.json
HARE-384-kr timing keygen records/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__keygen.json
HARE-384-kr hash profile dec profile/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__dec.json
HARE-384-kr hash profile enc profile/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__enc.json
HARE-384-kr hash profile keygen profile/kem-16/HARE-384-kr__keygen.json
HARE-512-kr KAT log (sha256 ef300357ea81be4a…) kat/kem-16/HARE-512-kr.log
HARE-512-kr timing dec records/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__dec.json
HARE-512-kr timing enc records/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__enc.json
HARE-512-kr timing keygen records/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__keygen.json
HARE-512-kr hash profile dec profile/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__dec.json
HARE-512-kr hash profile enc profile/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__enc.json
HARE-512-kr hash profile keygen profile/kem-16/HARE-512-kr__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.