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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-17 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-17 Hybrid Equivalent Punctured and Quasi-Cyclic — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-17/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
hep-qc-1 guide PASS
hep-qc-3 guide PASS
hep-qc-5 guide PASS
hep-qc-7 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
hep-qc-1 keygen 232.07 M 111 ms 8.99 111 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-1 enc 15.14 M 7.34 ms 136 7.34 ms 675 (5 × 135)
hep-qc-1 dec 246.18 M 118 ms 8.5 118 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-3 keygen 504.91 M 244 ms 4.11 242 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-3 enc 45.13 M 21.9 ms 45.8 21.8 ms 230 (5 × 46)
hep-qc-3 dec 482.18 M 232 ms 4.31 231 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-5 keygen 883.58 M 426 ms 2.35 425 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-5 enc 103.32 M 50 ms 20 50 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-5 dec 814.49 M 391 ms 2.56 390 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-7 keygen 4.22 G 2.04 s 0.49 2.01 s 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-7 enc 684.81 M 331 ms 3.03 329 ms 100 (5 × 20)
hep-qc-7 dec 3.39 G 1.63 s 0.614 1.63 s 100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
hep-qc-1 keygen 327429 1732 KiB 3788 KiB
hep-qc-1 enc 327429 2972 KiB 41272 KiB
hep-qc-1 dec 327429 3520 KiB 9680 KiB
hep-qc-3 keygen 907557 1736 KiB 7912 KiB
hep-qc-3 enc 907557 5372 KiB 46676 KiB
hep-qc-3 dec 907557 7108 KiB 25696 KiB
hep-qc-5 keygen 1897637 1728 KiB 14868 KiB
hep-qc-5 enc 1897637 9388 KiB 47344 KiB
hep-qc-5 dec 1897637 13088 KiB 51000 KiB
hep-qc-7 keygen 12731229 1828 KiB 89708 KiB
hep-qc-7 enc 12731229 52688 KiB 311616 KiB
hep-qc-7 dec 12731229 77712 KiB 336604 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
hep-qc-1 285889 285969 4433 32
hep-qc-3 866210 866298 8978 32
hep-qc-5 1852485 1852581 14421 32
hep-qc-7 12644449 12644577 49297 32

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — never calls the DRNG: zero-initialised PRNG (known kem-17-1/-3)

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
hep-qc-1 keygen 87% 0.0% pseudoXOF 3.65e+04, pseudohash 1
hep-qc-1 enc 43% 0.0% pseudoXOF 14, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1
hep-qc-1 dec 89% 0.0% pseudoXOF 3.83e+04, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 4
hep-qc-3 keygen 81% 0.0% pseudoXOF 7.31e+04, pseudohash 1
hep-qc-3 enc 42% 0.0% pseudoXOF 14, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1
hep-qc-3 dec 88% 0.0% pseudoXOF 7.3e+04, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 4
hep-qc-5 keygen 74% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1.17e+05, pseudohash 1
hep-qc-5 enc 39% 0.0% pseudoXOF 14, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1
hep-qc-5 dec 84% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1.16e+05, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 4
hep-qc-7 keygen 55% 0.0% pseudoXOF 4e+05, pseudohash 1
hep-qc-7 enc 39% 0.0% pseudoXOF 14, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1
hep-qc-7 dec 73% 0.0% pseudoXOF 3.97e+05, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 4

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
hep-qc-1 KAT log (sha256 26da064f901ded5e…) kat/kem-17/hep-qc-1.log
hep-qc-1 timing dec records/kem-17/hep-qc-1__dec.json
hep-qc-1 timing enc records/kem-17/hep-qc-1__enc.json
hep-qc-1 timing keygen records/kem-17/hep-qc-1__keygen.json
hep-qc-1 hash profile dec profile/kem-17/hep-qc-1__dec.json
hep-qc-1 hash profile enc profile/kem-17/hep-qc-1__enc.json
hep-qc-1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-17/hep-qc-1__keygen.json
hep-qc-3 KAT log (sha256 793a6b193df5b0a1…) kat/kem-17/hep-qc-3.log
hep-qc-3 timing dec records/kem-17/hep-qc-3__dec.json
hep-qc-3 timing enc records/kem-17/hep-qc-3__enc.json
hep-qc-3 timing keygen records/kem-17/hep-qc-3__keygen.json
hep-qc-3 hash profile dec profile/kem-17/hep-qc-3__dec.json
hep-qc-3 hash profile enc profile/kem-17/hep-qc-3__enc.json
hep-qc-3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-17/hep-qc-3__keygen.json
hep-qc-5 KAT log (sha256 0df458797a12b3ce…) kat/kem-17/hep-qc-5.log
hep-qc-5 timing dec records/kem-17/hep-qc-5__dec.json
hep-qc-5 timing enc records/kem-17/hep-qc-5__enc.json
hep-qc-5 timing keygen records/kem-17/hep-qc-5__keygen.json
hep-qc-5 hash profile dec profile/kem-17/hep-qc-5__dec.json
hep-qc-5 hash profile enc profile/kem-17/hep-qc-5__enc.json
hep-qc-5 hash profile keygen profile/kem-17/hep-qc-5__keygen.json
hep-qc-7 KAT log (sha256 076fda694e04f356…) kat/kem-17/hep-qc-7.log
hep-qc-7 timing dec records/kem-17/hep-qc-7__dec.json
hep-qc-7 timing enc records/kem-17/hep-qc-7__enc.json
hep-qc-7 timing keygen records/kem-17/hep-qc-7__keygen.json
hep-qc-7 hash profile dec profile/kem-17/hep-qc-7__dec.json
hep-qc-7 hash profile enc profile/kem-17/hep-qc-7__enc.json
hep-qc-7 hash profile keygen profile/kem-17/hep-qc-7__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.