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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-30 · system: x86_1 · arm_1
kem-30 PolarLAC — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)
Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.
1. Basic information
- Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
- Algorithm: PolarLAC
- Implementation versions measured: reference
- Parameter sets:
POLARLAC-128,POLARLAC-256,POLARLAC-512,POLARLAC-512-Star,POLARLAC-Light - Security evaluation: kem-30 report
- Measurement method: x86_1 method
- Submission: NICCS page
2. Assessment environment
| item | value |
|---|---|
| processor | 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core) |
| clock | max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off |
| memory | 31788 MiB |
| OS / kernel | Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64 |
| compiler / build tool | gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6 |
| campaign start / end (UTC) | 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21 |
3. Functional testing (KAT)
Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-30/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.
| instance | build flags | KAT |
|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
guide | PASS |
POLARLAC-256 |
guide | PASS |
POLARLAC-512 |
guide | PASS |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
guide | PASS |
POLARLAC-Light |
guide | PASS |
4. Performance
| instance | operation | mean cycles | mean time | ops/s | median trial | n (trials × iters) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
keygen | 160.5 k | 76.7 µs | 1.3e+04 | 76.7 µs | 56015 (5 × 11203) |
POLARLAC-128 |
enc | 209.2 k | 99.9 µs | 1e+04 | 99.9 µs | 46970 (5 × 9394) |
POLARLAC-128 |
dec | 252.7 k | 121 µs | 8.29e+03 | 121 µs | 39145 (5 × 7829) |
POLARLAC-256 |
keygen | 285.9 k | 137 µs | 7.32e+03 | 137 µs | 33295 (5 × 6659) |
POLARLAC-256 |
enc | 398.5 k | 190 µs | 5.25e+03 | 190 µs | 25965 (5 × 5193) |
POLARLAC-256 |
dec | 496.0 k | 237 µs | 4.22e+03 | 237 µs | 20670 (5 × 4134) |
POLARLAC-512 |
keygen | 980.5 k | 468 µs | 2.13e+03 | 469 µs | 10490 (5 × 2098) |
POLARLAC-512 |
enc | 1.32 M | 632 µs | 1.58e+03 | 632 µs | 7955 (5 × 1591) |
POLARLAC-512 |
dec | 1.60 M | 763 µs | 1.31e+03 | 763 µs | 6540 (5 × 1308) |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
keygen | 1.07 M | 511 µs | 1.96e+03 | 511 µs | 9555 (5 × 1911) |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
enc | 1.42 M | 678 µs | 1.48e+03 | 677 µs | 7035 (5 × 1407) |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
dec | 1.70 M | 813 µs | 1.23e+03 | 813 µs | 6265 (5 × 1253) |
POLARLAC-Light |
keygen | 149.0 k | 71.2 µs | 1.4e+04 | 71.2 µs | 59460 (5 × 11892) |
POLARLAC-Light |
enc | 195.5 k | 93.4 µs | 1.07e+04 | 93.4 µs | 49790 (5 × 9958) |
POLARLAC-Light |
dec | 237.9 k | 114 µs | 8.8e+03 | 114 µs | 41290 (5 × 8258) |
5. Resource consumption
Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.
| instance | operation | static: ELF image (bytes) | baseline RSS | peak RSS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
keygen | 61009 | 1740 KiB | 1840 KiB |
POLARLAC-128 |
enc | 61009 | 1752 KiB | 1820 KiB |
POLARLAC-128 |
dec | 61009 | 1744 KiB | 1808 KiB |
POLARLAC-256 |
keygen | 69561 | 1748 KiB | 1828 KiB |
POLARLAC-256 |
enc | 69561 | 1764 KiB | 1860 KiB |
POLARLAC-256 |
dec | 69561 | 1768 KiB | 1832 KiB |
POLARLAC-512 |
keygen | 83353 | 1760 KiB | 1896 KiB |
POLARLAC-512 |
enc | 83353 | 1796 KiB | 1864 KiB |
POLARLAC-512 |
dec | 83353 | 1776 KiB | 1904 KiB |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
keygen | 88513 | 1776 KiB | 1884 KiB |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
enc | 88513 | 1792 KiB | 1912 KiB |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
dec | 88513 | 1804 KiB | 1920 KiB |
POLARLAC-Light |
keygen | 61265 | 1736 KiB | 1816 KiB |
POLARLAC-Light |
enc | 61265 | 1700 KiB | 1828 KiB |
POLARLAC-Light |
dec | 61265 | 1712 KiB | 1836 KiB |
6. Transmission and storage overhead
External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.
| instance | public key | secret key | ciphertext | shared secret |
|---|---|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
530 | 1570 | 640 | 16 |
POLARLAC-256 |
1060 | 3140 | 1280 | 32 |
POLARLAC-512 |
2116 | 6276 | 2560 | 64 |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
2522 | 6682 | 2970 | 64 |
POLARLAC-Light |
530 | 1570 | 608 | 16 |
Symmetric primitives
Survey verdict: ICCS-only — default BIT_USE_SHAKE=0
Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):
| instance | operation | pseudohash/XOF/sm3 | DRNG | calls per operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
keygen | 64% | 6.9% | drng 2, pseudoXOF 9.05 |
POLARLAC-128 |
enc | 68% | 2.3% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 10 |
POLARLAC-128 |
dec | 62% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 11 |
POLARLAC-256 |
keygen | 61% | 3.9% | drng 2, pseudoXOF 9.06 |
POLARLAC-256 |
enc | 65% | 1.2% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 10 |
POLARLAC-256 |
dec | 58% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 11 |
POLARLAC-512 |
keygen | 72% | 1.3% | drng 2, pseudoXOF 9.1 |
POLARLAC-512 |
enc | 73% | 0.5% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 10.1 |
POLARLAC-512 |
dec | 67% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 11 |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
keygen | 65% | 1.2% | drng 2, pseudoXOF 13.1 |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
enc | 68% | 0.4% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 14.1 |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
dec | 64% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 15 |
POLARLAC-Light |
keygen | 61% | 7.4% | drng 2, pseudoXOF 9.07 |
POLARLAC-Light |
enc | 66% | 2.5% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 10.1 |
POLARLAC-Light |
dec | 60% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 11 |
7. Raw evidence index
Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.
| instance | item | file |
|---|---|---|
POLARLAC-128 |
KAT log (sha256 e3254329a397c6e4…) |
kat/kem-30/POLARLAC-128.log |
POLARLAC-128 |
timing dec | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__dec.json |
POLARLAC-128 |
timing enc | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__enc.json |
POLARLAC-128 |
timing keygen | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-128 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__dec.json |
POLARLAC-128 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__enc.json |
POLARLAC-128 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-128__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
KAT log (sha256 6c3c7fdbac0989e5…) |
kat/kem-30/POLARLAC-256.log |
POLARLAC-256 |
timing dec | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__dec.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
timing enc | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__enc.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
timing keygen | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__dec.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__enc.json |
POLARLAC-256 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-256__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
KAT log (sha256 5012929efabba19a…) |
kat/kem-30/POLARLAC-512.log |
POLARLAC-512 |
timing dec | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__dec.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
timing enc | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__enc.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
timing keygen | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__dec.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__enc.json |
POLARLAC-512 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
KAT log (sha256 e960eef8180a2e43…) |
kat/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star.log |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
timing dec | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__dec.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
timing enc | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__enc.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
timing keygen | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__dec.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__enc.json |
POLARLAC-512-Star |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-512-Star__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
KAT log (sha256 530bcdd4951bf043…) |
kat/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light.log |
POLARLAC-Light |
timing dec | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__dec.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
timing enc | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__enc.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
timing keygen | records/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__keygen.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__dec.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__enc.json |
POLARLAC-Light |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-30/POLARLAC-Light__keygen.json |
Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.