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Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-31 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-31 QIMEN-PIKE — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory 30562 MiB
OS / kernel Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-31/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
NGCC-1 harness-default PASS
NGCC-2 harness-default PASS
NGCC-3 harness-default PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
NGCC-1 keygen 348.67 M 130 ms 7.7 130 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-1 enc 112.40 M 41.7 ms 24 41.6 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-1 dec 173.12 M 64.5 ms 15.5 64.3 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-2 keygen 1.13 G 419 ms 2.38 413 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-2 enc 354.46 M 131 ms 7.6 131 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-2 dec 551.85 M 205 ms 4.87 205 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-3 keygen 7.20 G 2.67 s 0.374 2.67 s 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-3 enc 2.69 G 997 ms 1 997 ms 100 (5 × 20)
NGCC-3 dec 4.12 G 1.53 s 0.655 1.53 s 100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
NGCC-1 keygen 380256 1656 KiB 32732 KiB
NGCC-1 enc 380256 3856 KiB 3920 KiB
NGCC-1 dec 380256 4608 KiB 19792 KiB
NGCC-2 keygen 500220 1660 KiB 81844 KiB
NGCC-2 enc 500220 6396 KiB 6460 KiB
NGCC-2 dec 500220 8388 KiB 48016 KiB
NGCC-3 keygen 1013136 1668 KiB 317640 KiB
NGCC-3 enc 1013136 18148 KiB 18220 KiB
NGCC-3 dec 1013136 25976 KiB 183216 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
NGCC-1 389 472 602 32
NGCC-2 592 734 882 32
NGCC-3 1198 1497 1746 64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: bypass — own SM3 + counter XOF (pike_hash.c) for G, KDF and streams; DRNG only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
NGCC-1 keygen 0.0% 2.2% drng 1.93e+03
NGCC-1 enc 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
NGCC-1 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
NGCC-2 keygen 0.0% 0.4% drng 1.04e+03
NGCC-2 enc 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
NGCC-2 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
NGCC-3 keygen 0.0% 0.1% drng 1.18e+03
NGCC-3 enc 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
NGCC-3 dec 0.0% 0.0% –

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
NGCC-1 KAT log (sha256 88c74f0596728d5c…) kat/kem-31/NGCC-1.log
NGCC-1 timing dec records/kem-31/NGCC-1__dec.json
NGCC-1 timing enc records/kem-31/NGCC-1__enc.json
NGCC-1 timing keygen records/kem-31/NGCC-1__keygen.json
NGCC-1 hash profile dec profile/kem-31/NGCC-1__dec.json
NGCC-1 hash profile enc profile/kem-31/NGCC-1__enc.json
NGCC-1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-31/NGCC-1__keygen.json
NGCC-2 KAT log (sha256 05901ebe10c60488…) kat/kem-31/NGCC-2.log
NGCC-2 timing dec records/kem-31/NGCC-2__dec.json
NGCC-2 timing enc records/kem-31/NGCC-2__enc.json
NGCC-2 timing keygen records/kem-31/NGCC-2__keygen.json
NGCC-2 hash profile dec profile/kem-31/NGCC-2__dec.json
NGCC-2 hash profile enc profile/kem-31/NGCC-2__enc.json
NGCC-2 hash profile keygen profile/kem-31/NGCC-2__keygen.json
NGCC-3 KAT log (sha256 566d6f919997e696…) kat/kem-31/NGCC-3.log
NGCC-3 timing dec records/kem-31/NGCC-3__dec.json
NGCC-3 timing enc records/kem-31/NGCC-3__enc.json
NGCC-3 timing keygen records/kem-31/NGCC-3__keygen.json
NGCC-3 hash profile dec profile/kem-31/NGCC-3__dec.json
NGCC-3 hash profile enc profile/kem-31/NGCC-3__enc.json
NGCC-3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-31/NGCC-3__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.