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Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-38 · system: x86_1 · arm_1
kem-38 UVW Key Encapsulation Mechanism — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)
Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.
1. Basic information
- Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
- Algorithm: UVW Key Encapsulation Mechanism
- Implementation versions measured: reference
- Parameter sets:
UVW-KEM-128,UVW-KEM-256,UVW-KEM-512 - Security evaluation: kem-38 report
- Measurement method: arm_1 method
- Submission: NICCS page
2. Assessment environment
| item | value |
|---|---|
| processor | Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core) |
| machine | ASUS Vivobook S 15 |
| clock | fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none |
| memory | 30562 MiB |
| OS / kernel | Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic |
| compiler / build tool | gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3 |
| campaign start / end (UTC) | 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52 |
3. Functional testing (KAT)
Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-38/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.
| instance | build flags | KAT |
|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
guide | PASS |
UVW-KEM-256 |
guide | PASS |
UVW-KEM-512 |
guide | PASS |
4. Performance
| instance | operation | mean cycles | mean time | ops/s | median trial | n (trials × iters) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
keygen | 677.81 M | 252 ms | 3.98 | 252 ms | 100 (5 × 20) |
UVW-KEM-128 |
enc | 534.0 k | 198 µs | 5.05e+03 | 198 µs | 15535 (5 × 3107) |
UVW-KEM-128 |
dec | 1.47 G | 546 ms | 1.83 | 546 ms | 100 (5 × 20) |
UVW-KEM-256 |
keygen | 5.22 G | 1.94 s | 0.516 | 1.94 s | 100 (5 × 20) |
UVW-KEM-256 |
enc | 1.27 M | 471 µs | 2.12e+03 | 470 µs | 6640 (5 × 1328) |
UVW-KEM-256 |
dec | 9.49 G | 3.52 s | 0.284 | 3.52 s | 100 (5 × 20) |
UVW-KEM-512 |
keygen | 41.20 G | 15.3 s | 0.0654 | 15.3 s | 20 (5 × 4) |
UVW-KEM-512 |
enc | 19.79 M | 7.35 ms | 136 | 7.35 ms | 430 (5 × 86) |
UVW-KEM-512 |
dec | 66.64 G | 24.7 s | 0.0404 | 24.7 s | 15 (5 × 3) |
5. Resource consumption
Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.
| instance | operation | static: ELF image (bytes) | baseline RSS | peak RSS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
keygen | 221720 | 1656 KiB | 6480 KiB |
UVW-KEM-128 |
enc | 221720 | 4312 KiB | 4984 KiB |
UVW-KEM-128 |
dec | 221720 | 7976 KiB | 8040 KiB |
UVW-KEM-256 |
keygen | 765244 | 3596 KiB | 15464 KiB |
UVW-KEM-256 |
enc | 765244 | 6320 KiB | 14076 KiB |
UVW-KEM-256 |
dec | 765244 | 14068 KiB | 44852 KiB |
UVW-KEM-512 |
keygen | 2948436 | 1464 KiB | 52248 KiB |
UVW-KEM-512 |
enc | 2948436 | 15856 KiB | 45512 KiB |
UVW-KEM-512 |
dec | 2948436 | 33880 KiB | 110160 KiB |
6. Transmission and storage overhead
External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.
| instance | public key | secret key | ciphertext | shared secret |
|---|---|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
208013 | 35 | 1032 | 64 |
UVW-KEM-256 |
911645 | 35 | 2199 | 64 |
UVW-KEM-512 |
4001850 | 67 | 4820 | 64 |
Symmetric primitives
Survey verdict: ICCS-only
Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):
| instance | operation | pseudohash/XOF/sm3 | DRNG | calls per operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
keygen | 0.0% | 2.9% | drng 218 |
UVW-KEM-128 |
enc | 25% | 35% | drng 3, pseudoXOF 4 |
UVW-KEM-128 |
dec | 0.0% | 2.7% | drng 437, pseudoXOF 5 |
UVW-KEM-256 |
keygen | 0.0% | 1.5% | drng 858 |
UVW-KEM-256 |
enc | 19% | 18% | drng 3.41, pseudoXOF 4 |
UVW-KEM-256 |
dec | 0.0% | 1.6% | drng 1.72e+03, pseudoXOF 5 |
UVW-KEM-512 |
keygen | 0.0% | 0.7% | drng 3.42e+03 |
UVW-KEM-512 |
enc | 3.5% | 2.0% | drng 5.37, pseudoXOF 4 |
UVW-KEM-512 |
dec | 0.0% | 0.9% | drng 6.84e+03, pseudoXOF 5 |
7. Raw evidence index
Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.
| instance | item | file |
|---|---|---|
UVW-KEM-128 |
KAT log (sha256 8ca83c17d929f4cd…) |
kat/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128.log |
UVW-KEM-128 |
timing dec | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-128 |
timing enc | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-128 |
timing keygen | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__keygen.json |
UVW-KEM-128 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-128 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-128 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-128__keygen.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
KAT log (sha256 bc3cf9b29dccd627…) |
kat/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256.log |
UVW-KEM-256 |
timing dec | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
timing enc | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
timing keygen | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__keygen.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-256 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-256__keygen.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
KAT log (sha256 b98f468328ace035…) |
kat/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512.log |
UVW-KEM-512 |
timing dec | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
timing enc | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
timing keygen | records/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__keygen.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__dec.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__enc.json |
UVW-KEM-512 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-38/UVW-KEM-512__keygen.json |
Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.