Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-02 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-02 Amoeba — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
Algorithm: Amoeba
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Amoeba128, Amoeba192, Amoeba256, Amoeba384, Amoeba512
Security evaluation: kem-02 report
Measurement method: x86_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock	max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory	31788 MiB
OS / kernel	Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool	gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-02/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Amoeba128`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba192`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba256`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba384`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`Amoeba128`	keygen	379.2 k	181 µs	5.52e+03	181 µs	26520 (5 × 5304)
`Amoeba128`	enc	525.7 k	251 µs	3.98e+03	251 µs	19350 (5 × 3870)
`Amoeba128`	dec	590.4 k	282 µs	3.55e+03	282 µs	17215 (5 × 3443)
`Amoeba192`	keygen	516.8 k	247 µs	4.05e+03	247 µs	19470 (5 × 3894)
`Amoeba192`	enc	732.8 k	350 µs	2.86e+03	350 µs	14070 (5 × 2814)
`Amoeba192`	dec	832.4 k	398 µs	2.51e+03	398 µs	12320 (5 × 2464)
`Amoeba256`	keygen	622.2 k	297 µs	3.36e+03	297 µs	12970 (5 × 2594)
`Amoeba256`	enc	858.4 k	410 µs	2.44e+03	410 µs	11880 (5 × 2376)
`Amoeba256`	dec	993.2 k	474 µs	2.11e+03	474 µs	10325 (5 × 2065)
`Amoeba384`	keygen	923.9 k	441 µs	2.27e+03	441 µs	10820 (5 × 2164)
`Amoeba384`	enc	1.28 M	610 µs	1.64e+03	610 µs	8035 (5 × 1607)
`Amoeba384`	dec	1.49 M	713 µs	1.4e+03	713 µs	6950 (5 × 1390)
`Amoeba512`	keygen	1.21 M	577 µs	1.73e+03	577 µs	8440 (5 × 1688)
`Amoeba512`	enc	1.66 M	791 µs	1.26e+03	791 µs	6250 (5 × 1250)
`Amoeba512`	dec	1.94 M	925 µs	1.08e+03	925 µs	5405 (5 × 1081)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Amoeba128`	keygen	51409	1716 KiB	1804 KiB
`Amoeba128`	enc	51409	1704 KiB	1832 KiB
`Amoeba128`	dec	51409	1716 KiB	1780 KiB
`Amoeba192`	keygen	51641	1724 KiB	1808 KiB
`Amoeba192`	enc	51641	1732 KiB	1796 KiB
`Amoeba192`	dec	51641	1736 KiB	1800 KiB
`Amoeba256`	keygen	51489	1672 KiB	1816 KiB
`Amoeba256`	enc	51489	1732 KiB	1848 KiB
`Amoeba256`	dec	51489	1660 KiB	1788 KiB
`Amoeba384`	keygen	51617	1716 KiB	1804 KiB
`Amoeba384`	enc	51617	1756 KiB	1824 KiB
`Amoeba384`	dec	51617	1768 KiB	1872 KiB
`Amoeba512`	keygen	51649	1728 KiB	1864 KiB
`Amoeba512`	enc	51649	1800 KiB	1884 KiB
`Amoeba512`	dec	51649	1804 KiB	1872 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	ciphertext	shared secret
`Amoeba128`	784	1712	1047	64
`Amoeba192`	1144	2504	1581	64
`Amoeba256`	1648	3440	1833	64
`Amoeba384`	2440	5096	2769	64
`Amoeba512`	3520	7040	3914	64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`Amoeba128`	keygen	74%	3.2%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 20.5
`Amoeba128`	enc	71%	1.2%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 23, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba128`	dec	63%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 23, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba192`	keygen	73%	2.4%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 23.5
`Amoeba192`	enc	70%	0.9%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 26, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba192`	dec	61%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 26, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba256`	keygen	71%	2.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 26.5
`Amoeba256`	enc	67%	0.7%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 28, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba256`	dec	58%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 28, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba384`	keygen	71%	1.3%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 36.5
`Amoeba384`	enc	67%	0.5%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 38, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba384`	dec	57%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 38, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba512`	keygen	71%	1.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 46.6
`Amoeba512`	enc	67%	0.4%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 47, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba512`	dec	57%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 47, sm3hash 4

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Amoeba128`	KAT log (sha256 `9df784e681bd251d…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba128.log`
`Amoeba128`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__dec.json`
`Amoeba128`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__enc.json`
`Amoeba128`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__keygen.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__dec.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__enc.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__keygen.json`
`Amoeba192`	KAT log (sha256 `2673db5fc79cdc84…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba192.log`
`Amoeba192`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__dec.json`
`Amoeba192`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__enc.json`
`Amoeba192`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__keygen.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__dec.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__enc.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__keygen.json`
`Amoeba256`	KAT log (sha256 `fad206a4adf6e8f7…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba256.log`
`Amoeba256`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__dec.json`
`Amoeba256`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__enc.json`
`Amoeba256`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__keygen.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__dec.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__enc.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__keygen.json`
`Amoeba384`	KAT log (sha256 `8b62f2f400a11253…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba384.log`
`Amoeba384`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__dec.json`
`Amoeba384`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__enc.json`
`Amoeba384`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__keygen.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__dec.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__enc.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__keygen.json`
`Amoeba512`	KAT log (sha256 `93f87a85af74a92b…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba512.log`
`Amoeba512`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__dec.json`
`Amoeba512`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__enc.json`
`Amoeba512`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__keygen.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__dec.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__enc.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__keygen.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.