Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-02 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-02 Amoeba — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
Algorithm: Amoeba
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Amoeba128, Amoeba192, Amoeba256, Amoeba384, Amoeba512
Security evaluation: kem-02 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-02/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Amoeba128`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba192`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba256`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba384`	guide	PASS
`Amoeba512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`Amoeba128`	keygen	329.5 k	122 µs	8.18e+03	122 µs	24430 (5 × 4886)
`Amoeba128`	enc	448.5 k	166 µs	6.01e+03	166 µs	18630 (5 × 3726)
`Amoeba128`	dec	492.2 k	183 µs	5.48e+03	182 µs	16990 (5 × 3398)
`Amoeba192`	keygen	448.4 k	166 µs	6.01e+03	166 µs	18100 (5 × 3620)
`Amoeba192`	enc	622.2 k	231 µs	4.33e+03	231 µs	13560 (5 × 2712)
`Amoeba192`	dec	689.0 k	256 µs	3.91e+03	255 µs	12230 (5 × 2446)
`Amoeba256`	keygen	541.3 k	201 µs	4.98e+03	199 µs	14235 (5 × 2847)
`Amoeba256`	enc	721.2 k	268 µs	3.74e+03	267 µs	11700 (5 × 2340)
`Amoeba256`	dec	808.7 k	300 µs	3.33e+03	300 µs	7865 (5 × 1573)
`Amoeba384`	keygen	799.6 k	297 µs	3.37e+03	295 µs	9950 (5 × 1990)
`Amoeba384`	enc	1.07 M	398 µs	2.51e+03	397 µs	7830 (5 × 1566)
`Amoeba384`	dec	1.21 M	447 µs	2.24e+03	447 µs	6890 (5 × 1378)
`Amoeba512`	keygen	1.05 M	388 µs	2.58e+03	388 µs	7770 (5 × 1554)
`Amoeba512`	enc	1.40 M	520 µs	1.92e+03	519 µs	5820 (5 × 1164)
`Amoeba512`	dec	1.59 M	589 µs	1.7e+03	589 µs	5310 (5 × 1062)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Amoeba128`	keygen	46780	1436 KiB	1508 KiB
`Amoeba128`	enc	46780	1448 KiB	1516 KiB
`Amoeba128`	dec	46780	1452 KiB	1520 KiB
`Amoeba192`	keygen	46956	1440 KiB	1512 KiB
`Amoeba192`	enc	46956	1460 KiB	1524 KiB
`Amoeba192`	dec	46956	1460 KiB	1524 KiB
`Amoeba256`	keygen	46940	1440 KiB	1520 KiB
`Amoeba256`	enc	46940	1468 KiB	1536 KiB
`Amoeba256`	dec	46940	1468 KiB	1536 KiB
`Amoeba384`	keygen	47100	1444 KiB	1532 KiB
`Amoeba384`	enc	47100	1484 KiB	1552 KiB
`Amoeba384`	dec	47100	1488 KiB	1556 KiB
`Amoeba512`	keygen	47148	1448 KiB	1544 KiB
`Amoeba512`	enc	47148	1504 KiB	1572 KiB
`Amoeba512`	dec	47148	1508 KiB	1576 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	ciphertext	shared secret
`Amoeba128`	784	1712	1047	64
`Amoeba192`	1144	2504	1581	64
`Amoeba256`	1648	3440	1833	64
`Amoeba384`	2440	5096	2769	64
`Amoeba512`	3520	7040	3914	64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`Amoeba128`	keygen	81%	3.4%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 20.5
`Amoeba128`	enc	79%	1.2%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 23, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba128`	dec	73%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 23, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba192`	keygen	80%	2.5%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 23.5
`Amoeba192`	enc	79%	0.9%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 26, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba192`	dec	71%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 26, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba256`	keygen	79%	2.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 26.5
`Amoeba256`	enc	76%	0.8%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 28, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba256`	dec	68%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 28, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba384`	keygen	79%	1.4%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 36.5
`Amoeba384`	enc	76%	0.5%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 38, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba384`	dec	67%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 38, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba512`	keygen	78%	1.1%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 46.6
`Amoeba512`	enc	75%	0.4%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 47, sm3hash 4
`Amoeba512`	dec	66%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 47, sm3hash 4

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Amoeba128`	KAT log (sha256 `c069c1acff6568af…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba128.log`
`Amoeba128`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__dec.json`
`Amoeba128`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__enc.json`
`Amoeba128`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba128__keygen.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__dec.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__enc.json`
`Amoeba128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba128__keygen.json`
`Amoeba192`	KAT log (sha256 `ac9ab896ac650fc9…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba192.log`
`Amoeba192`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__dec.json`
`Amoeba192`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__enc.json`
`Amoeba192`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba192__keygen.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__dec.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__enc.json`
`Amoeba192`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba192__keygen.json`
`Amoeba256`	KAT log (sha256 `11335a6ea68b71c8…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba256.log`
`Amoeba256`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__dec.json`
`Amoeba256`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__enc.json`
`Amoeba256`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba256__keygen.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__dec.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__enc.json`
`Amoeba256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba256__keygen.json`
`Amoeba384`	KAT log (sha256 `e13fb3e66bab01a0…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba384.log`
`Amoeba384`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__dec.json`
`Amoeba384`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__enc.json`
`Amoeba384`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba384__keygen.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__dec.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__enc.json`
`Amoeba384`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba384__keygen.json`
`Amoeba512`	KAT log (sha256 `4aeac966c6f66723…`)	`kat/kem-02/Amoeba512.log`
`Amoeba512`	timing dec	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__dec.json`
`Amoeba512`	timing enc	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__enc.json`
`Amoeba512`	timing keygen	`records/kem-02/Amoeba512__keygen.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__dec.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__enc.json`
`Amoeba512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-02/Amoeba512__keygen.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.