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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-14 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-14 DTRU — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-14/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
DTRU-648 guide PASS
DTRU-648-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-768 guide PASS
DTRU-768-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-1024 guide PASS
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-1536 guide PASS
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-2048 guide PASS
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-Light guide PASS
DTRU-Prime guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
DTRU-648 keygen 334.5 k 160 µs 6.26e+03 160 µs 29680 (5 × 5936)
DTRU-648 enc 164.8 k 78.7 µs 1.27e+04 78.7 µs 58130 (5 × 11626)
DTRU-648 dec 323.2 k 154 µs 6.48e+03 154 µs 31075 (5 × 6215)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 336.0 k 161 µs 6.23e+03 160 µs 29015 (5 × 5803)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 179.1 k 85.6 µs 1.17e+04 85.5 µs 53795 (5 × 10759)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 337.5 k 161 µs 6.2e+03 161 µs 29515 (5 × 5903)
DTRU-768 keygen 293.7 k 140 µs 7.13e+03 140 µs 32985 (5 × 6597)
DTRU-768 enc 196.9 k 94.1 µs 1.06e+04 94.1 µs 49400 (5 × 9880)
DTRU-768 dec 367.9 k 176 µs 5.69e+03 176 µs 26860 (5 × 5372)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 298.4 k 143 µs 7.02e+03 143 µs 31705 (5 × 6341)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 213.9 k 102 µs 9.79e+03 102 µs 45165 (5 × 9033)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 385.9 k 184 µs 5.42e+03 184 µs 24210 (5 × 4842)
DTRU-1024 keygen 346.4 k 165 µs 6.04e+03 165 µs 28130 (5 × 5626)
DTRU-1024 enc 233.8 k 112 µs 8.95e+03 112 µs 41405 (5 × 8281)
DTRU-1024 dec 451.0 k 215 µs 4.64e+03 216 µs 22000 (5 × 4400)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 351.1 k 168 µs 5.96e+03 168 µs 27485 (5 × 5497)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 254.5 k 122 µs 8.22e+03 122 µs 37840 (5 × 7568)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 473.5 k 226 µs 4.42e+03 226 µs 19945 (5 × 3989)
DTRU-1536 keygen 460.0 k 220 µs 4.55e+03 220 µs 21680 (5 × 4336)
DTRU-1536 enc 385.8 k 184 µs 5.43e+03 184 µs 25705 (5 × 5141)
DTRU-1536 dec 731.8 k 350 µs 2.86e+03 350 µs 13625 (5 × 2725)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 479.3 k 229 µs 4.37e+03 230 µs 20680 (5 × 4136)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 424.7 k 203 µs 4.93e+03 203 µs 23630 (5 × 4726)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 776.0 k 371 µs 2.7e+03 371 µs 12960 (5 × 2592)
DTRU-2048 keygen 804.6 k 384 µs 2.6e+03 384 µs 12475 (5 × 2495)
DTRU-2048 enc 533.0 k 255 µs 3.93e+03 255 µs 18935 (5 × 3787)
DTRU-2048 dec 1.02 M 489 µs 2.05e+03 489 µs 9785 (5 × 1957)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 813.9 k 389 µs 2.57e+03 389 µs 12080 (5 × 2416)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 579.0 k 277 µs 3.62e+03 277 µs 17530 (5 × 3506)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 1.07 M 511 µs 1.96e+03 511 µs 9500 (5 × 1900)
DTRU-Light keygen 119.3 k 57 µs 1.75e+04 57 µs 75515 (5 × 15103)
DTRU-Light enc 97.8 k 46.7 µs 2.14e+04 46.7 µs 93925 (5 × 18785)
DTRU-Light dec 192.0 k 91.7 µs 1.09e+04 91.7 µs 50485 (5 × 10097)
DTRU-Prime keygen 113.74 M 54.3 ms 18.4 54.2 ms 100 (5 × 20)
DTRU-Prime enc 335.8 k 160 µs 6.23e+03 161 µs 29900 (5 × 5980)
DTRU-Prime dec 679.9 k 325 µs 3.08e+03 325 µs 14870 (5 × 2974)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
DTRU-648 keygen 32149 1716 KiB 1784 KiB
DTRU-648 enc 32149 1684 KiB 1808 KiB
DTRU-648 dec 32149 1728 KiB 1792 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 33557 1704 KiB 1808 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 33557 1728 KiB 1816 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 33557 1712 KiB 1824 KiB
DTRU-768 keygen 30709 1692 KiB 1760 KiB
DTRU-768 enc 30709 1676 KiB 1804 KiB
DTRU-768 dec 30709 1688 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 32125 1712 KiB 1816 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 32125 1724 KiB 1788 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 32125 1728 KiB 1824 KiB
DTRU-1024 keygen 32789 1704 KiB 1776 KiB
DTRU-1024 enc 32789 1716 KiB 1784 KiB
DTRU-1024 dec 32789 1720 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 34205 1716 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 34205 1744 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 34205 1724 KiB 1836 KiB
DTRU-1536 keygen 33597 1696 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-1536 enc 33597 1716 KiB 1800 KiB
DTRU-1536 dec 33597 1728 KiB 1804 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 35013 1700 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 35013 1756 KiB 1820 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 35013 1752 KiB 1840 KiB
DTRU-2048 keygen 40589 1724 KiB 1804 KiB
DTRU-2048 enc 40589 1692 KiB 1820 KiB
DTRU-2048 dec 40589 1744 KiB 1812 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 42005 1700 KiB 1800 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 42005 1764 KiB 1868 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 42005 1776 KiB 1844 KiB
DTRU-Light keygen 32317 1692 KiB 1784 KiB
DTRU-Light enc 32317 1692 KiB 1804 KiB
DTRU-Light dec 32317 1708 KiB 1800 KiB
DTRU-Prime keygen 36021 1700 KiB 1796 KiB
DTRU-Prime enc 36021 1752 KiB 1844 KiB
DTRU-Prime dec 36021 1760 KiB 1844 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
DTRU-648 972 1328 729 32
DTRU-648-PACK_PK 954 1310 729 32
DTRU-768 1152 1568 960 32
DTRU-768-PACK_PK 1130 1546 960 32
DTRU-1024 1536 2080 1280 32
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK 1506 2050 1280 32
DTRU-1536 2304 3136 1920 64
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK 2259 3091 1920 64
DTRU-2048 3072 3904 2560 64
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK 3012 3844 2560 64
DTRU-Light 640 864 512 32
DTRU-Prime 1495 1935 1359 32

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
DTRU-648 keygen 0.0% 27% drng 2
DTRU-648 enc 25% 2.8% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-648 dec 26% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 27% drng 2
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 23% 2.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 25% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-768 keygen 0.0% 24% drng 2
DTRU-768 enc 33% 2.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-768 dec 32% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 23% drng 2
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 31% 2.2% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 30% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1024 keygen 0.0% 26% drng 2
DTRU-1024 enc 31% 2.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-1024 dec 31% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 26% drng 2
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 28% 1.8% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 29% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536 keygen 0.0% 21% drng 2
DTRU-1536 enc 33% 1.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536 dec 30% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 20% drng 2
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 30% 1.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 29% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-2048 keygen 0.0% 19% drng 2
DTRU-2048 enc 31% 1.2% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-2048 dec 28% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 18% drng 2
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 28% 1.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 27% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-Light keygen 0.0% 21% drng 2
DTRU-Light enc 28% 4.7% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-Light dec 31% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-Prime keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 2
DTRU-Prime enc 15% 1.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-Prime dec 18% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
DTRU-648 KAT log (sha256 552778746e9caca0…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-648.log
DTRU-648 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-648__dec.json
DTRU-648 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-648__enc.json
DTRU-648 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-648__keygen.json
DTRU-648 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__dec.json
DTRU-648 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__enc.json
DTRU-648 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__keygen.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 582f2b72b630b41d…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-768 KAT log (sha256 33ae227e3d0058dc…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-768.log
DTRU-768 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-768__dec.json
DTRU-768 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-768__enc.json
DTRU-768 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-768__keygen.json
DTRU-768 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__dec.json
DTRU-768 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__enc.json
DTRU-768 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__keygen.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 69718c3e56b6717f…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1024 KAT log (sha256 eb9417bdfce79267…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1024.log
DTRU-1024 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__dec.json
DTRU-1024 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__enc.json
DTRU-1024 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__keygen.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__dec.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__enc.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__keygen.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 32ee7a4c59ba2e95…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1536 KAT log (sha256 b77ff3ceb727427f…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1536.log
DTRU-1536 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__dec.json
DTRU-1536 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__enc.json
DTRU-1536 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__keygen.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__dec.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__enc.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__keygen.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 e873a3b3d85ede4b…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-2048 KAT log (sha256 2df070bcbe2646dc…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-2048.log
DTRU-2048 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__dec.json
DTRU-2048 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__enc.json
DTRU-2048 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__keygen.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__dec.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__enc.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__keygen.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 8ae19931b80f6eec…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-Light KAT log (sha256 8cade79c07b07816…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-Light.log
DTRU-Light timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__dec.json
DTRU-Light timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__enc.json
DTRU-Light timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__keygen.json
DTRU-Light hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__dec.json
DTRU-Light hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__enc.json
DTRU-Light hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__keygen.json
DTRU-Prime KAT log (sha256 4f58eb558d878367…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-Prime.log
DTRU-Prime timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__dec.json
DTRU-Prime timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__enc.json
DTRU-Prime timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__keygen.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__dec.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__enc.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.