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Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-14 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-14 DTRU — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory 30562 MiB
OS / kernel Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-14/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
DTRU-648 guide PASS
DTRU-648-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-768 guide PASS
DTRU-768-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-1024 guide PASS
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-1536 guide PASS
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-2048 guide PASS
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK guide PASS
DTRU-Light guide PASS
DTRU-Prime guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
DTRU-648 keygen 241.9 k 89.7 µs 1.11e+04 89.7 µs 26940 (5 × 5388)
DTRU-648 enc 129.9 k 48.2 µs 2.07e+04 48.1 µs 55365 (5 × 11073)
DTRU-648 dec 257.4 k 95.5 µs 1.05e+04 95.4 µs 30655 (5 × 6131)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 245.3 k 91 µs 1.1e+04 91 µs 31645 (5 × 6329)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 140.5 k 52.1 µs 1.92e+04 52.1 µs 57835 (5 × 11567)
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 268.2 k 99.5 µs 1e+04 99.5 µs 31190 (5 × 6238)
DTRU-768 keygen 211.9 k 78.6 µs 1.27e+04 78.6 µs 37210 (5 × 7442)
DTRU-768 enc 150.1 k 55.7 µs 1.8e+04 55.7 µs 54055 (5 × 10811)
DTRU-768 dec 282.4 k 105 µs 9.54e+03 104 µs 29835 (5 × 5967)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 216.5 k 80.4 µs 1.24e+04 80.1 µs 36530 (5 × 7306)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 162.9 k 60.4 µs 1.65e+04 60.4 µs 49385 (5 × 9877)
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 294.4 k 109 µs 9.16e+03 109 µs 28305 (5 × 5661)
DTRU-1024 keygen 256.9 k 95.3 µs 1.05e+04 94.8 µs 30365 (5 × 6073)
DTRU-1024 enc 175.8 k 65.3 µs 1.53e+04 65.2 µs 47105 (5 × 9421)
DTRU-1024 dec 341.4 k 127 µs 7.89e+03 127 µs 24695 (5 × 4939)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 261.5 k 97 µs 1.03e+04 97.1 µs 29685 (5 × 5937)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 192.5 k 71.4 µs 1.4e+04 71.5 µs 42405 (5 × 8481)
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 358.2 k 133 µs 7.52e+03 133 µs 23520 (5 × 4704)
DTRU-1536 keygen 341.5 k 127 µs 7.89e+03 126 µs 23580 (5 × 4716)
DTRU-1536 enc 297.4 k 110 µs 9.06e+03 110 µs 28005 (5 × 5601)
DTRU-1536 dec 564.2 k 209 µs 4.78e+03 209 µs 14930 (5 × 2986)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 349.6 k 130 µs 7.71e+03 129 µs 22515 (5 × 4503)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 322.1 k 120 µs 8.36e+03 120 µs 24100 (5 × 4820)
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 589.7 k 219 µs 4.57e+03 219 µs 14305 (5 × 2861)
DTRU-2048 keygen 583.0 k 216 µs 4.62e+03 216 µs 13550 (5 × 2710)
DTRU-2048 enc 405.7 k 151 µs 6.64e+03 151 µs 20360 (5 × 4072)
DTRU-2048 dec 775.2 k 288 µs 3.48e+03 287 µs 10885 (5 × 2177)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 595.0 k 221 µs 4.53e+03 220 µs 13180 (5 × 2636)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 439.3 k 163 µs 6.13e+03 163 µs 19165 (5 × 3833)
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 806.2 k 299 µs 3.34e+03 299 µs 10215 (5 × 2043)
DTRU-Light keygen 91.1 k 33.8 µs 2.96e+04 33.7 µs 81635 (5 × 16327)
DTRU-Light enc 75.3 k 28 µs 3.58e+04 27.9 µs 100000 (5 × 20000)
DTRU-Light dec 149.5 k 55.5 µs 1.8e+04 55.5 µs 54985 (5 × 10997)
DTRU-Prime keygen 92.29 M 34.2 ms 29.2 34.2 ms 100 (5 × 20)
DTRU-Prime enc 264.6 k 98.2 µs 1.02e+04 98.2 µs 31455 (5 × 6291)
DTRU-Prime dec 546.7 k 203 µs 4.93e+03 202 µs 15470 (5 × 3094)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
DTRU-648 keygen 28620 1420 KiB 1488 KiB
DTRU-648 enc 28620 1424 KiB 1488 KiB
DTRU-648 dec 28620 1432 KiB 1496 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 30516 1420 KiB 1496 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 30516 1436 KiB 1500 KiB
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 30516 1440 KiB 1504 KiB
DTRU-768 keygen 27204 1416 KiB 1484 KiB
DTRU-768 enc 27204 1420 KiB 1488 KiB
DTRU-768 dec 27204 1428 KiB 1492 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 29116 1420 KiB 1496 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 29116 1440 KiB 1508 KiB
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 29116 1444 KiB 1508 KiB
DTRU-1024 keygen 29204 1424 KiB 1496 KiB
DTRU-1024 enc 29204 1432 KiB 1496 KiB
DTRU-1024 dec 29204 1436 KiB 1500 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 31100 1428 KiB 1508 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 31100 1452 KiB 1516 KiB
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 31100 1456 KiB 1520 KiB
DTRU-1536 keygen 30092 1424 KiB 1500 KiB
DTRU-1536 enc 30092 1436 KiB 1504 KiB
DTRU-1536 dec 30092 1444 KiB 1512 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 32020 1424 KiB 1512 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 32020 3500 KiB 3564 KiB
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 32020 1464 KiB 1532 KiB
DTRU-2048 keygen 36508 1436 KiB 1520 KiB
DTRU-2048 enc 36508 1460 KiB 1524 KiB
DTRU-2048 dec 36508 1460 KiB 1528 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 38404 1436 KiB 1536 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 38404 1488 KiB 1552 KiB
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 38404 1492 KiB 1560 KiB
DTRU-Light keygen 29404 1420 KiB 1484 KiB
DTRU-Light enc 29404 1424 KiB 1488 KiB
DTRU-Light dec 29404 1424 KiB 1488 KiB
DTRU-Prime keygen 32932 1428 KiB 1528 KiB
DTRU-Prime enc 32932 3484 KiB 3548 KiB
DTRU-Prime dec 32932 1464 KiB 1528 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
DTRU-648 972 1328 729 32
DTRU-648-PACK_PK 954 1310 729 32
DTRU-768 1152 1568 960 32
DTRU-768-PACK_PK 1130 1546 960 32
DTRU-1024 1536 2080 1280 32
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK 1506 2050 1280 32
DTRU-1536 2304 3136 1920 64
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK 2259 3091 1920 64
DTRU-2048 3072 3904 2560 64
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK 3012 3844 2560 64
DTRU-Light 640 864 512 32
DTRU-Prime 1495 1935 1359 32

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
DTRU-648 keygen 0.0% 35% drng 2
DTRU-648 enc 30% 3.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-648 dec 31% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-648-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 34% drng 2
DTRU-648-PACK_PK enc 28% 3.2% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-648-PACK_PK dec 29% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-768 keygen 0.0% 30% drng 2
DTRU-768 enc 41% 2.8% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-768 dec 39% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-768-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 30% drng 2
DTRU-768-PACK_PK enc 38% 2.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-768-PACK_PK dec 37% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1024 keygen 0.0% 33% drng 2
DTRU-1024 enc 40% 2.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-1024 dec 37% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 32% drng 2
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK enc 35% 2.2% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK dec 36% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536 keygen 0.0% 27% drng 2
DTRU-1536 enc 40% 1.9% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536 dec 37% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 26% drng 2
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK enc 37% 1.8% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK dec 35% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-2048 keygen 0.0% 24% drng 2
DTRU-2048 enc 39% 1.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-2048 dec 35% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK keygen 0.0% 24% drng 2
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK enc 36% 1.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK dec 33% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 3
DTRU-Light keygen 0.0% 26% drng 2
DTRU-Light enc 35% 5.7% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-Light dec 38% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2
DTRU-Prime keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 2
DTRU-Prime enc 18% 1.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 1
DTRU-Prime dec 20% 0.0% pseudoXOF 1, pseudohash 2

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
DTRU-648 KAT log (sha256 aeec76d8d2e84461…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-648.log
DTRU-648 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-648__dec.json
DTRU-648 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-648__enc.json
DTRU-648 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-648__keygen.json
DTRU-648 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__dec.json
DTRU-648 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__enc.json
DTRU-648 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-648__keygen.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 d4d9fc462d803add…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-648-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-648-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-768 KAT log (sha256 3aa38e441ebe4ebd…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-768.log
DTRU-768 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-768__dec.json
DTRU-768 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-768__enc.json
DTRU-768 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-768__keygen.json
DTRU-768 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__dec.json
DTRU-768 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__enc.json
DTRU-768 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-768__keygen.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 4bf33b245a17e05c…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-768-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-768-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1024 KAT log (sha256 52d45fddf07db848…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1024.log
DTRU-1024 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__dec.json
DTRU-1024 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__enc.json
DTRU-1024 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1024__keygen.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__dec.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__enc.json
DTRU-1024 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024__keygen.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 d63ebc264ba63e3b…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1024-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1024-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1536 KAT log (sha256 30f3d16cfee917da…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1536.log
DTRU-1536 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__dec.json
DTRU-1536 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__enc.json
DTRU-1536 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1536__keygen.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__dec.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__enc.json
DTRU-1536 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536__keygen.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 bd51dde08cf71945…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-1536-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-1536-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-2048 KAT log (sha256 71a81edc9fcd566a…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-2048.log
DTRU-2048 timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__dec.json
DTRU-2048 timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__enc.json
DTRU-2048 timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-2048__keygen.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__dec.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__enc.json
DTRU-2048 hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048__keygen.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK KAT log (sha256 dfd43290bfab0cb1…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK.log
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__dec.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__enc.json
DTRU-2048-PACK_PK hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-2048-PACK_PK__keygen.json
DTRU-Light KAT log (sha256 64a7aad61a11dbbd…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-Light.log
DTRU-Light timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__dec.json
DTRU-Light timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__enc.json
DTRU-Light timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-Light__keygen.json
DTRU-Light hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__dec.json
DTRU-Light hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__enc.json
DTRU-Light hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-Light__keygen.json
DTRU-Prime KAT log (sha256 f4235f064790c004…) kat/kem-14/DTRU-Prime.log
DTRU-Prime timing dec records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__dec.json
DTRU-Prime timing enc records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__enc.json
DTRU-Prime timing keygen records/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__keygen.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile dec profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__dec.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile enc profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__enc.json
DTRU-Prime hash profile keygen profile/kem-14/DTRU-Prime__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.