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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-19 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-19 Lore — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-19/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
Lore-SHAKE-L1 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L2 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L3 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L4 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L1 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L2 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L3 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L4 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 173.0 k 82.7 µs 1.21e+04 82.7 µs 52885 (5 × 10577)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 333.7 k 159 µs 6.27e+03 159 µs 30425 (5 × 6085)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 392.1 k 187 µs 5.34e+03 187 µs 25495 (5 × 5099)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 717.4 k 343 µs 2.92e+03 343 µs 13620 (5 × 2724)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 1.07 M 510 µs 1.96e+03 510 µs 8910 (5 × 1782)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 1.35 M 644 µs 1.55e+03 644 µs 7740 (5 × 1548)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 1.58 M 756 µs 1.32e+03 761 µs 6325 (5 × 1265)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 2.06 M 986 µs 1.01e+03 982 µs 5195 (5 × 1039)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 2.35 M 1.12 ms 892 1.12 ms 4400 (5 × 880)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 2.71 M 1.29 ms 774 1.29 ms 3745 (5 × 749)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 3.58 M 1.71 ms 585 1.71 ms 2815 (5 × 563)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 4.28 M 2.05 ms 489 2.05 ms 2415 (5 × 483)
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 240.3 k 115 µs 8.71e+03 115 µs 37895 (5 × 7579)
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 363.5 k 174 µs 5.76e+03 173 µs 27255 (5 × 5451)
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 416.7 k 199 µs 5.02e+03 199 µs 24205 (5 × 4841)
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 1.06 M 506 µs 1.98e+03 506 µs 9440 (5 × 1888)
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 1.35 M 646 µs 1.55e+03 646 µs 7660 (5 × 1532)
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 1.62 M 775 µs 1.29e+03 775 µs 6345 (5 × 1269)
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 2.38 M 1.14 ms 880 1.14 ms 4370 (5 × 874)
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 2.78 M 1.33 ms 753 1.33 ms 3765 (5 × 753)
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 3.05 M 1.46 ms 686 1.46 ms 3300 (5 × 660)
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 5.19 M 2.48 ms 403 2.48 ms 1980 (5 × 396)
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 5.95 M 2.84 ms 352 2.84 ms 1735 (5 × 347)
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 6.65 M 3.17 ms 315 3.17 ms 1555 (5 × 311)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 49869 1728 KiB 1800 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 49869 1720 KiB 1824 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 49869 1724 KiB 1788 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 52245 1704 KiB 1796 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 52245 1860 KiB 1932 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 52245 1864 KiB 1928 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 54293 1708 KiB 1856 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 54293 1864 KiB 1928 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 54293 1836 KiB 1960 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 54357 1748 KiB 1884 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 54357 1920 KiB 1984 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 54357 1924 KiB 2020 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 46541 1708 KiB 1784 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 46541 1724 KiB 1812 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 46541 1744 KiB 1808 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 48885 1732 KiB 1832 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 48885 1848 KiB 1916 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 48885 1868 KiB 1960 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 50901 1732 KiB 1876 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 50901 1880 KiB 1944 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 50901 1872 KiB 1936 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 50965 1732 KiB 1888 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 50965 1904 KiB 2024 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 50965 1912 KiB 1980 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
Lore-SHAKE-L1 610 2108 706 32
Lore-SHAKE-L2 1186 4518 1282 32
Lore-SHAKE-L3 1954 7736 2114 32
Lore-SHAKE-L4 2914 11432 3170 32
Lore-SM3-L1 610 2108 706 32
Lore-SM3-L2 1186 4518 1282 32
Lore-SM3-L3 1954 7736 2114 32
Lore-SM3-L4 2914 11432 3170 32

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: instance-dependent — Lore-SM3: ICCS-only; Lore-SHAKE: own FIPS 202 (bypass); AVX2/NEON SIMD SM3 in auxfunc

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 0.0% 3.6% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 0.0% 1.4% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 0.0% 0.9% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 0.0% 0.4% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 0.0% 0.4% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 0.0% 0.3% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 0.0% 0.2% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 0.0% 0.2% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 73% 2.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 5, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 68% 1.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 7, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 60% 0.0% pseudoXOF 8, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 60% 0.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 14, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 53% 0.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 16, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 44% 0.0% pseudoXOF 17, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 58% 0.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 29, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 53% 0.2% drng 1, pseudoXOF 31, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 48% 0.0% pseudoXOF 32, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 64% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 56, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 59% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 58, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 52% 0.0% pseudoXOF 59, sm3hash 3

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
Lore-SHAKE-L1 KAT log (sha256 1afaf20ea8b4ac0d…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1.log
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 KAT log (sha256 3eaaaf36c0d363fa…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2.log
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 KAT log (sha256 c488a2c03d92ad20…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3.log
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 KAT log (sha256 8a84de8aa4f99485…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4.log
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L1 KAT log (sha256 71de39651150d414…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1.log
Lore-SM3-L1 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L1 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L1 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L2 KAT log (sha256 0682f77c99ee068e…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2.log
Lore-SM3-L2 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L2 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L2 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L3 KAT log (sha256 da373ac026a9efb4…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3.log
Lore-SM3-L3 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L3 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L3 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L4 KAT log (sha256 eb19dc0dc4844f16…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4.log
Lore-SM3-L4 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L4 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L4 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.