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Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-19 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-19 Lore — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory 30562 MiB
OS / kernel Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-19/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
Lore-SHAKE-L1 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L2 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L3 guide PASS
Lore-SHAKE-L4 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L1 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L2 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L3 guide PASS
Lore-SM3-L4 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 142.6 k 52.9 µs 1.89e+04 52.9 µs 47015 (5 × 9403)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 270.9 k 101 µs 9.95e+03 100 µs 30930 (5 × 6186)
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 314.0 k 116 µs 8.58e+03 116 µs 26160 (5 × 5232)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 538.4 k 200 µs 5e+03 200 µs 14235 (5 × 2847)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 786.7 k 292 µs 3.43e+03 292 µs 10390 (5 × 2078)
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 948.9 k 352 µs 2.84e+03 352 µs 8820 (5 × 1764)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 1.15 M 429 µs 2.33e+03 429 µs 6970 (5 × 1394)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 1.50 M 558 µs 1.79e+03 558 µs 5615 (5 × 1123)
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 1.71 M 635 µs 1.58e+03 635 µs 4825 (5 × 965)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 2.01 M 746 µs 1.34e+03 747 µs 3970 (5 × 794)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 2.63 M 977 µs 1.02e+03 977 µs 3230 (5 × 646)
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 3.08 M 1.14 ms 875 1.14 ms 2720 (5 × 544)
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 218.6 k 81.1 µs 1.23e+04 80.4 µs 34120 (5 × 6824)
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 324.1 k 120 µs 8.31e+03 120 µs 25740 (5 × 5148)
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 364.8 k 135 µs 7.38e+03 135 µs 21760 (5 × 4352)
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 882.2 k 327 µs 3.05e+03 325 µs 9090 (5 × 1818)
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 1.09 M 406 µs 2.47e+03 405 µs 7540 (5 × 1508)
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 1.25 M 464 µs 2.16e+03 464 µs 6720 (5 × 1344)
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 1.94 M 718 µs 1.39e+03 718 µs 4245 (5 × 849)
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 2.23 M 829 µs 1.21e+03 829 µs 3740 (5 × 748)
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 2.43 M 903 µs 1.11e+03 903 µs 3435 (5 × 687)
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 4.42 M 1.64 ms 610 1.63 ms 1890 (5 × 378)
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 4.95 M 1.84 ms 544 1.84 ms 1705 (5 × 341)
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 5.40 M 2 ms 499 2 ms 1560 (5 × 312)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 44328 1436 KiB 1508 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 44328 1448 KiB 1512 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 44328 1452 KiB 1516 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 50400 1444 KiB 1536 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 50400 1572 KiB 1636 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 50400 1572 KiB 1636 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 47968 1448 KiB 1560 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 47968 1588 KiB 1652 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 47968 3592 KiB 3656 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 48200 1456 KiB 1592 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 48200 1640 KiB 1704 KiB
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 48200 1640 KiB 1704 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 41336 1432 KiB 1512 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 41336 1448 KiB 1516 KiB
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 41336 1448 KiB 1516 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 43312 1440 KiB 1544 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 43312 1572 KiB 1640 KiB
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 43312 1572 KiB 1640 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 44976 1444 KiB 1564 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 44976 1584 KiB 1652 KiB
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 44976 1584 KiB 1652 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 45208 1452 KiB 1596 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 45208 1636 KiB 1704 KiB
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 45208 3616 KiB 3680 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
Lore-SHAKE-L1 610 2108 706 32
Lore-SHAKE-L2 1186 4518 1282 32
Lore-SHAKE-L3 1954 7736 2114 32
Lore-SHAKE-L4 2914 11432 3170 32
Lore-SM3-L1 610 2108 706 32
Lore-SM3-L2 1186 4518 1282 32
Lore-SM3-L3 1954 7736 2114 32
Lore-SM3-L4 2914 11432 3170 32

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: instance-dependent — Lore-SM3: ICCS-only; Lore-SHAKE: own FIPS 202 (bypass); AVX2/NEON SIMD SM3 in auxfunc

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
Lore-SHAKE-L1 keygen 0.0% 4.0% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L1 enc 0.0% 1.5% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L1 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L2 keygen 0.0% 1.1% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L2 enc 0.0% 0.5% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L2 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L3 keygen 0.0% 0.5% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L3 enc 0.0% 0.4% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L3 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SHAKE-L4 keygen 0.0% 0.3% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L4 enc 0.0% 0.2% drng 1
Lore-SHAKE-L4 dec 0.0% 0.0% –
Lore-SM3-L1 keygen 76% 2.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 5, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L1 enc 72% 1.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 7, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L1 dec 64% 0.0% pseudoXOF 8, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L2 keygen 68% 0.7% drng 1, pseudoXOF 14, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L2 enc 62% 0.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 16, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L2 dec 54% 0.0% pseudoXOF 17, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L3 keygen 68% 0.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 29, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L3 enc 63% 0.3% drng 1, pseudoXOF 31, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L3 dec 59% 0.0% pseudoXOF 32, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L4 keygen 71% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 56, sm3hash 1
Lore-SM3-L4 enc 66% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 58, sm3hash 3
Lore-SM3-L4 dec 61% 0.0% pseudoXOF 59, sm3hash 3

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
Lore-SHAKE-L1 KAT log (sha256 9464e1bbbec03c26…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1.log
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 KAT log (sha256 e00edc36d13909f2…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2.log
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L2 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 KAT log (sha256 784069ee7081801b…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3.log
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 KAT log (sha256 4b560c12ce2dd951…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4.log
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__dec.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__enc.json
Lore-SHAKE-L4 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SHAKE-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L1 KAT log (sha256 d0fdb6d7db835eac…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1.log
Lore-SM3-L1 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L1 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L1 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L1 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L1__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L2 KAT log (sha256 7794488b882234a5…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2.log
Lore-SM3-L2 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L2 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L2 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L2 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L2__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L3 KAT log (sha256 10a78fd610b333a3…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3.log
Lore-SM3-L3 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L3 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L3 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L3 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L3__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L4 KAT log (sha256 749d3bc6f506bf54…) kat/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4.log
Lore-SM3-L4 timing dec records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L4 timing enc records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L4 timing keygen records/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__keygen.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile dec profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__dec.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile enc profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__enc.json
Lore-SM3-L4 hash profile keygen profile/kem-19/Lore-SM3-L4__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.