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Performance measurements › x86_1 › kem-34 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-34 Rudraksh2 — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-34/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
lwekem128 guide PASS
lwekem256 guide PASS
lwekem512 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
lwekem128 keygen 3.19 M 1.52 ms 657 1.52 ms 3215 (5 × 643)
lwekem128 enc 3.13 M 1.5 ms 669 1.49 ms 3290 (5 × 658)
lwekem128 dec 3.17 M 1.51 ms 660 1.51 ms 3225 (5 × 645)
lwekem256 keygen 6.31 M 3.01 ms 332 3.01 ms 1650 (5 × 330)
lwekem256 enc 6.25 M 3.01 ms 332 2.98 ms 1660 (5 × 332)
lwekem256 dec 6.33 M 3.02 ms 331 3.02 ms 1655 (5 × 331)
lwekem512 keygen 19.96 M 9.53 ms 105 9.53 ms 520 (5 × 104)
lwekem512 enc 19.99 M 9.55 ms 105 9.55 ms 525 (5 × 105)
lwekem512 dec 20.15 M 9.63 ms 104 9.63 ms 520 (5 × 104)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
lwekem128 keygen 27929 1696 KiB 1804 KiB
lwekem128 enc 27929 1708 KiB 1772 KiB
lwekem128 dec 27929 1700 KiB 1800 KiB
lwekem256 keygen 29217 1716 KiB 1828 KiB
lwekem256 enc 29217 1720 KiB 1832 KiB
lwekem256 dec 29217 1708 KiB 1832 KiB
lwekem512 keygen 31193 1708 KiB 1820 KiB
lwekem512 enc 31193 1772 KiB 1868 KiB
lwekem512 dec 31193 1776 KiB 1860 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key ciphertext shared secret
lwekem128 880 1776 912 16
lwekem256 1760 3552 1728 32
lwekem512 3392 6848 3552 64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
lwekem128 keygen 92% 0.3% drng 2, pseudoXOF 101
lwekem128 enc 93% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 102
lwekem128 dec 91% 0.0% pseudoXOF 102
lwekem256 keygen 92% 0.1% drng 2, pseudoXOF 101
lwekem256 enc 93% 0.1% drng 1, pseudoXOF 102
lwekem256 dec 92% 0.0% pseudoXOF 102
lwekem512 keygen 96% 0.1% drng 2, pseudoXOF 82
lwekem512 enc 96% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 83
lwekem512 dec 95% 0.0% pseudoXOF 83

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
lwekem128 KAT log (sha256 377d59381a43b118…) kat/kem-34/lwekem128.log
lwekem128 timing dec records/kem-34/lwekem128__dec.json
lwekem128 timing enc records/kem-34/lwekem128__enc.json
lwekem128 timing keygen records/kem-34/lwekem128__keygen.json
lwekem128 hash profile dec profile/kem-34/lwekem128__dec.json
lwekem128 hash profile enc profile/kem-34/lwekem128__enc.json
lwekem128 hash profile keygen profile/kem-34/lwekem128__keygen.json
lwekem256 KAT log (sha256 e6a8535cd995e1f3…) kat/kem-34/lwekem256.log
lwekem256 timing dec records/kem-34/lwekem256__dec.json
lwekem256 timing enc records/kem-34/lwekem256__enc.json
lwekem256 timing keygen records/kem-34/lwekem256__keygen.json
lwekem256 hash profile dec profile/kem-34/lwekem256__dec.json
lwekem256 hash profile enc profile/kem-34/lwekem256__enc.json
lwekem256 hash profile keygen profile/kem-34/lwekem256__keygen.json
lwekem512 KAT log (sha256 cc8c40eebda05c93…) kat/kem-34/lwekem512.log
lwekem512 timing dec records/kem-34/lwekem512__dec.json
lwekem512 timing enc records/kem-34/lwekem512__enc.json
lwekem512 timing keygen records/kem-34/lwekem512__keygen.json
lwekem512 hash profile dec profile/kem-34/lwekem512__dec.json
lwekem512 hash profile enc profile/kem-34/lwekem512__enc.json
lwekem512 hash profile keygen profile/kem-34/lwekem512__keygen.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.