Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-34 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

kem-34 Rudraksh2 — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
Algorithm: Rudraksh2
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: lwekem128, lwekem256, lwekem512
Security evaluation: kem-34 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-34/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`lwekem128`	guide	PASS
`lwekem256`	guide	PASS
`lwekem512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`lwekem128`	keygen	2.89 M	1.07 ms	932	1.07 ms	2860 (5 × 572)
`lwekem128`	enc	2.87 M	1.07 ms	938	1.07 ms	2960 (5 × 592)
`lwekem128`	dec	2.92 M	1.08 ms	922	1.08 ms	2920 (5 × 584)
`lwekem256`	keygen	5.84 M	2.16 ms	462	2.17 ms	1440 (5 × 288)
`lwekem256`	enc	5.82 M	2.16 ms	463	2.16 ms	1455 (5 × 291)
`lwekem256`	dec	5.94 M	2.21 ms	453	2.18 ms	1420 (5 × 284)
`lwekem512`	keygen	18.83 M	6.99 ms	143	6.98 ms	450 (5 × 90)
`lwekem512`	enc	18.80 M	6.97 ms	143	6.97 ms	455 (5 × 91)
`lwekem512`	dec	18.94 M	7.03 ms	142	7.03 ms	450 (5 × 90)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`lwekem128`	keygen	25396	1416 KiB	1496 KiB
`lwekem128`	enc	25396	1432 KiB	1500 KiB
`lwekem128`	dec	25396	1432 KiB	1496 KiB
`lwekem256`	keygen	26068	1420 KiB	1516 KiB
`lwekem256`	enc	26068	1452 KiB	1520 KiB
`lwekem256`	dec	26068	1452 KiB	1520 KiB
`lwekem512`	keygen	28076	3448 KiB	3560 KiB
`lwekem512`	enc	28076	1484 KiB	1552 KiB
`lwekem512`	dec	28076	1492 KiB	1560 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	ciphertext	shared secret
`lwekem128`	880	1776	912	16
`lwekem256`	1760	3552	1728	32
`lwekem512`	3392	6848	3552	64

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`lwekem128`	keygen	94%	0.3%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 101
`lwekem128`	enc	94%	0.1%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 102
`lwekem128`	dec	93%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 102
`lwekem256`	keygen	94%	0.1%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 101
`lwekem256`	enc	94%	0.1%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 102
`lwekem256`	dec	93%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 102
`lwekem512`	keygen	97%	0.1%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 82
`lwekem512`	enc	98%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 83
`lwekem512`	dec	97%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 83

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`lwekem128`	KAT log (sha256 `0b425f13e606a2ad…`)	`kat/kem-34/lwekem128.log`
`lwekem128`	timing dec	`records/kem-34/lwekem128__dec.json`
`lwekem128`	timing enc	`records/kem-34/lwekem128__enc.json`
`lwekem128`	timing keygen	`records/kem-34/lwekem128__keygen.json`
`lwekem128`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-34/lwekem128__dec.json`
`lwekem128`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-34/lwekem128__enc.json`
`lwekem128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-34/lwekem128__keygen.json`
`lwekem256`	KAT log (sha256 `f08edc3b80b3fc15…`)	`kat/kem-34/lwekem256.log`
`lwekem256`	timing dec	`records/kem-34/lwekem256__dec.json`
`lwekem256`	timing enc	`records/kem-34/lwekem256__enc.json`
`lwekem256`	timing keygen	`records/kem-34/lwekem256__keygen.json`
`lwekem256`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-34/lwekem256__dec.json`
`lwekem256`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-34/lwekem256__enc.json`
`lwekem256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-34/lwekem256__keygen.json`
`lwekem512`	KAT log (sha256 `40c58106c46a7c47…`)	`kat/kem-34/lwekem512.log`
`lwekem512`	timing dec	`records/kem-34/lwekem512__dec.json`
`lwekem512`	timing enc	`records/kem-34/lwekem512__enc.json`
`lwekem512`	timing keygen	`records/kem-34/lwekem512__keygen.json`
`lwekem512`	hash profile dec	`profile/kem-34/lwekem512__dec.json`
`lwekem512`	hash profile enc	`profile/kem-34/lwekem512__enc.json`
`lwekem512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/kem-34/lwekem512__keygen.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.