Performance measurements › x86_1 › sign-14 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-14 Lynxer — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: Lynxer
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Lynxer-160f, Lynxer-160s, Lynxer-256f, Lynxer-256s, Lynxer-384f, Lynxer-384s, Lynxer-512f, Lynxer-512s
Security evaluation: sign-14 report
Measurement method: x86_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock	max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory	31788 MiB
OS / kernel	Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool	gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-14/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Lynxer-160f`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-160s`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-256f`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-256s`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-384f`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-384s`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-512f`	guide	PASS
`Lynxer-512s`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`Lynxer-160f`	keygen	28.80 M	13.8 ms	72.7	13.8 ms	365 (5 × 73)
`Lynxer-160f`	sign	533.63 M	256 ms	3.9	255 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-160f`	verify	470.80 M	226 ms	4.42	225 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-160s`	keygen	28.78 M	13.7 ms	72.7	13.8 ms	360 (5 × 72)
`Lynxer-160s`	sign	3.82 G	1.83 s	0.546	1.83 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-160s`	verify	3.73 G	1.79 s	0.558	1.79 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256f`	keygen	174.01 M	83.1 ms	12	83.1 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256f`	sign	1.55 G	742 ms	1.35	740 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256f`	verify	1.18 G	566 ms	1.77	566 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256s`	keygen	174.00 M	83.1 ms	12	83.1 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256s`	sign	10.78 G	5.17 s	0.193	5.17 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-256s`	verify	10.37 G	4.97 s	0.201	4.97 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-384f`	keygen	741.32 M	356 ms	2.81	354 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-384f`	sign	5.16 G	2.48 s	0.403	2.48 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-384f`	verify	3.64 G	1.74 s	0.574	1.74 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-384s`	keygen	740.93 M	357 ms	2.8	354 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-384s`	sign	30.11 G	14.4 s	0.0693	14.4 s	60 (5 × 12)
`Lynxer-384s`	verify	28.34 G	13.6 s	0.0736	13.6 s	65 (5 × 13)
`Lynxer-512f`	keygen	2.15 G	1.03 s	0.967	1.04 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-512f`	sign	6.77 G	3.24 s	0.309	3.24 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-512f`	verify	2.48 G	1.19 s	0.842	1.19 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-512s`	keygen	2.15 G	1.03 s	0.967	1.04 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-512s`	sign	9.33 G	4.46 s	0.224	4.46 s	100 (5 × 20)
`Lynxer-512s`	verify	4.74 G	2.28 s	0.439	2.28 s	100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Lynxer-160f`	keygen	487477	1840 KiB	2188 KiB
`Lynxer-160f`	sign	487477	2056 KiB	2588 KiB
`Lynxer-160f`	verify	487477	2320 KiB	2504 KiB
`Lynxer-160s`	keygen	487477	1848 KiB	2196 KiB
`Lynxer-160s`	sign	487477	2048 KiB	5468 KiB
`Lynxer-160s`	verify	487477	2544 KiB	5096 KiB
`Lynxer-256f`	keygen	487493	1852 KiB	2224 KiB
`Lynxer-256f`	sign	487493	2144 KiB	3132 KiB
`Lynxer-256f`	verify	487493	2336 KiB	2812 KiB
`Lynxer-256s`	keygen	487493	1844 KiB	2264 KiB
`Lynxer-256s`	sign	487493	2144 KiB	11292 KiB
`Lynxer-256s`	verify	487493	3196 KiB	11136 KiB
`Lynxer-384f`	keygen	487493	1872 KiB	2360 KiB
`Lynxer-384f`	sign	487493	2328 KiB	4404 KiB
`Lynxer-384f`	verify	487493	2544 KiB	4104 KiB
`Lynxer-384s`	keygen	487493	1808 KiB	2348 KiB
`Lynxer-384s`	sign	487493	2232 KiB	19724 KiB
`Lynxer-384s`	verify	487493	3324 KiB	19436 KiB
`Lynxer-512f`	keygen	487517	1904 KiB	2392 KiB
`Lynxer-512f`	sign	487517	2272 KiB	5912 KiB
`Lynxer-512f`	verify	487517	2508 KiB	5628 KiB
`Lynxer-512s`	keygen	487517	1876 KiB	2380 KiB
`Lynxer-512s`	sign	487517	2264 KiB	33216 KiB
`Lynxer-512s`	verify	487517	3684 KiB	33032 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`Lynxer-160f`	40	40	5801
`Lynxer-160s`	40	40	4607
`Lynxer-256f`	64	64	15097
`Lynxer-256s`	64	64	12191
`Lynxer-384f`	96	96	34109
`Lynxer-384s`	96	96	27495
`Lynxer-512f`	128	128	61091
`Lynxer-512s`	128	128	48879

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: mixed — with -DXOF_PSEUDO (as the KATs need): oracles via pseudoXOF, PRG via AES/Rijndael/SHACAL-2; source default is own Keccak (bypass)

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`Lynxer-160f`	keygen	80%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 62
`Lynxer-160f`	sign	14%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 412
`Lynxer-160f`	verify	6.2%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 88
`Lynxer-160s`	keygen	80%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 62
`Lynxer-160s`	sign	3.4%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 3.64e+03
`Lynxer-160s`	verify	1.9%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 81
`Lynxer-256f`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 123
`Lynxer-256f`	sign	35%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 525
`Lynxer-256f`	verify	16%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 163
`Lynxer-256s`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 123
`Lynxer-256s`	sign	6.3%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 6.39e+03
`Lynxer-256s`	verify	3.0%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 150
`Lynxer-384f`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 255
`Lynxer-384f`	sign	44%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 971
`Lynxer-384f`	verify	22%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 313
`Lynxer-384s`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 255
`Lynxer-384s`	sign	10%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 2.73e+04
`Lynxer-384s`	verify	4.1%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 294
`Lynxer-512f`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 435
`Lynxer-512f`	sign	96%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.55e+03
`Lynxer-512f`	verify	91%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 512
`Lynxer-512s`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 2, pseudoXOF 435
`Lynxer-512s`	sign	83%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.21e+04
`Lynxer-512s`	verify	67%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 486

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Lynxer-160f`	KAT log (sha256 `155689537809cc7c…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-160f.log`
`Lynxer-160f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-160f`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-160f`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-160f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-160f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-160f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	KAT log (sha256 `a0fa2aa9e4c49620…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-160s.log`
`Lynxer-160s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-160s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-160s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	KAT log (sha256 `a160418c14a7444c…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-256f.log`
`Lynxer-256f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-256f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	KAT log (sha256 `d654147d984c36cb…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-256s.log`
`Lynxer-256s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-256s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-256s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	KAT log (sha256 `4eae1f88b4141b00…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-384f.log`
`Lynxer-384f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-384f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	KAT log (sha256 `9cd82d176108f1cd…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-384s.log`
`Lynxer-384s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-384s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-384s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	KAT log (sha256 `f6baa4b8fa22180b…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-512f.log`
`Lynxer-512f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__sign.json`
`Lynxer-512f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512f__verify.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	KAT log (sha256 `32fd34fb1cb962d7…`)	`kat/sign-14/Lynxer-512s.log`
`Lynxer-512s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	timing sign	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	timing verify	`records/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__verify.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__keygen.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__sign.json`
`Lynxer-512s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-14/Lynxer-512s__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.