Performance measurements › x86_1 › sign-16 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-16 Octarine — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: Octarine
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Octarine-128, Octarine-256, Octarine-512
Security evaluation: sign-16 report
Measurement method: x86_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock	max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory	31788 MiB
OS / kernel	Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool	gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-16/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Octarine-128`	guide	PASS
`Octarine-256`	guide	PASS
`Octarine-512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`Octarine-128`	keygen	767.9 k	367 µs	2.73e+03	367 µs	12610 (5 × 2522)
`Octarine-128`	sign	2.09 M	999 µs	1e+03	999 µs	3190 (5 × 638)
`Octarine-128`	verify	879.7 k	420 µs	2.38e+03	420 µs	11670 (5 × 2334)
`Octarine-256`	keygen	1.48 M	705 µs	1.42e+03	705 µs	6675 (5 × 1335)
`Octarine-256`	sign	4.58 M	2.19 ms	457	2.19 ms	3985 (5 × 797)
`Octarine-256`	verify	1.71 M	817 µs	1.22e+03	817 µs	6040 (5 × 1208)
`Octarine-512`	keygen	3.79 M	1.81 ms	553	1.81 ms	2640 (5 × 528)
`Octarine-512`	sign	17.20 M	8.22 ms	122	8.21 ms	1545 (5 × 309)
`Octarine-512`	verify	4.35 M	2.08 ms	481	2.08 ms	2395 (5 × 479)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Octarine-128`	keygen	54217	1740 KiB	1848 KiB
`Octarine-128`	sign	54217	1784 KiB	1876 KiB
`Octarine-128`	verify	54217	1812 KiB	1880 KiB
`Octarine-256`	keygen	56113	1748 KiB	1908 KiB
`Octarine-256`	sign	56113	1832 KiB	1956 KiB
`Octarine-256`	verify	56113	1852 KiB	1960 KiB
`Octarine-512`	keygen	56249	1756 KiB	2012 KiB
`Octarine-512`	sign	56249	1956 KiB	2120 KiB
`Octarine-512`	verify	56249	2052 KiB	2144 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`Octarine-128`	1344	2432	2564
`Octarine-256`	2368	4608	5449
`Octarine-512`	5184	11776	14713

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`Octarine-128`	keygen	60%	0.8%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 7
`Octarine-128`	sign	52%	0.3%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 21.2
`Octarine-128`	verify	51%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 9
`Octarine-256`	keygen	57%	0.4%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 12
`Octarine-256`	sign	53%	0.1%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 37.1
`Octarine-256`	verify	50%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 13
`Octarine-512`	keygen	53%	0.2%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 27
`Octarine-512`	sign	55%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 115
`Octarine-512`	verify	47%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 26

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Octarine-128`	KAT log (sha256 `eb1ad326a3768e2d…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-128.log`
`Octarine-128`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__keygen.json`
`Octarine-128`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__sign.json`
`Octarine-128`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__verify.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__keygen.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__sign.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__verify.json`
`Octarine-256`	KAT log (sha256 `908f9d4dd5d4b62b…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-256.log`
`Octarine-256`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__keygen.json`
`Octarine-256`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__sign.json`
`Octarine-256`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__verify.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__keygen.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__sign.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__verify.json`
`Octarine-512`	KAT log (sha256 `ad0d23d697962d09…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-512.log`
`Octarine-512`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__keygen.json`
`Octarine-512`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__sign.json`
`Octarine-512`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__verify.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__keygen.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__sign.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.