Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-16 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-16 Octarine — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: Octarine
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: Octarine-128, Octarine-256, Octarine-512
Security evaluation: sign-16 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-16/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`Octarine-128`	guide	PASS
`Octarine-256`	guide	PASS
`Octarine-512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`Octarine-128`	keygen	684.0 k	254 µs	3.94e+03	253 µs	11265 (5 × 2253)
`Octarine-128`	sign	1.84 M	684 µs	1.46e+03	680 µs	4675 (5 × 935)
`Octarine-128`	verify	767.8 k	285 µs	3.51e+03	285 µs	10730 (5 × 2146)
`Octarine-256`	keygen	1.32 M	489 µs	2.04e+03	487 µs	6180 (5 × 1236)
`Octarine-256`	sign	4.01 M	1.49 ms	672	1.48 ms	3630 (5 × 726)
`Octarine-256`	verify	1.50 M	559 µs	1.79e+03	558 µs	5620 (5 × 1124)
`Octarine-512`	keygen	3.40 M	1.26 ms	792	1.26 ms	2340 (5 × 468)
`Octarine-512`	sign	15.20 M	5.64 ms	177	5.64 ms	905 (5 × 181)
`Octarine-512`	verify	3.85 M	1.43 ms	700	1.43 ms	2205 (5 × 441)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`Octarine-128`	keygen	54108	1452 KiB	1560 KiB
`Octarine-128`	sign	54108	1496 KiB	1588 KiB
`Octarine-128`	verify	54108	1524 KiB	1588 KiB
`Octarine-256`	keygen	51660	1456 KiB	1600 KiB
`Octarine-256`	sign	51660	1536 KiB	1648 KiB
`Octarine-256`	verify	51660	3608 KiB	3672 KiB
`Octarine-512`	keygen	52308	1476 KiB	1732 KiB
`Octarine-512`	sign	52308	1664 KiB	1820 KiB
`Octarine-512`	verify	52308	1756 KiB	1828 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`Octarine-128`	1344	2432	2564
`Octarine-256`	2368	4608	5449
`Octarine-512`	5184	11776	14713

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`Octarine-128`	keygen	64%	0.9%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 7
`Octarine-128`	sign	56%	0.3%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 21.3
`Octarine-128`	verify	55%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 9
`Octarine-256`	keygen	61%	0.4%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 12
`Octarine-256`	sign	57%	0.1%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 36.8
`Octarine-256`	verify	54%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 13
`Octarine-512`	keygen	56%	0.2%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 27
`Octarine-512`	sign	58%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 114
`Octarine-512`	verify	50%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 26

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`Octarine-128`	KAT log (sha256 `28ac09e7cbb93f95…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-128.log`
`Octarine-128`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__keygen.json`
`Octarine-128`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__sign.json`
`Octarine-128`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-128__verify.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__keygen.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__sign.json`
`Octarine-128`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-128__verify.json`
`Octarine-256`	KAT log (sha256 `284c6461568dcbd2…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-256.log`
`Octarine-256`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__keygen.json`
`Octarine-256`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__sign.json`
`Octarine-256`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-256__verify.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__keygen.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__sign.json`
`Octarine-256`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-256__verify.json`
`Octarine-512`	KAT log (sha256 `e08ca5eefdab1447…`)	`kat/sign-16/Octarine-512.log`
`Octarine-512`	timing keygen	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__keygen.json`
`Octarine-512`	timing sign	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__sign.json`
`Octarine-512`	timing verify	`records/sign-16/Octarine-512__verify.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__keygen.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__sign.json`
`Octarine-512`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-16/Octarine-512__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.