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Performance measurements › x86_1 › sign-22 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-22 Rhyme — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-22/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-128 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-256 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-384 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-512 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 813.50 M 390 ms 2.56 389 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 2.18 M 1.04 ms 961 1.04 ms 4290 (5 × 858)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 191.2 k 91.3 µs 1.1e+04 91.3 µs 35535 (5 × 7107)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 1.86 G 892 ms 1.12 890 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 9.75 M 4.66 ms 215 4.66 ms 1070 (5 × 214)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 433.3 k 207 µs 4.83e+03 207 µs 15310 (5 × 3062)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 7.40 G 3.55 s 0.281 3.55 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 4.97 M 2.37 ms 421 2.37 ms 2025 (5 × 405)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 788.2 k 376 µs 2.66e+03 376 µs 8815 (5 × 1763)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 10.49 G 5.04 s 0.199 5.04 s 75 (5 × 15)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 9.88 M 4.72 ms 212 4.72 ms 1040 (5 × 208)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 1.18 M 565 µs 1.77e+03 565 µs 6885 (5 × 1377)
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 867.63 M 416 ms 2.4 415 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 4.27 M 2.05 ms 487 2.05 ms 2325 (5 × 465)
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 338.8 k 163 µs 6.14e+03 163 µs 24045 (5 × 4809)
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 2.32 G 1.11 s 0.898 1.12 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 15.55 M 7.48 ms 134 7.48 ms 660 (5 × 132)
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 870.9 k 419 µs 2.39e+03 419 µs 8475 (5 × 1695)
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 6.54 G 3.14 s 0.319 3.14 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 23.32 M 11.2 ms 89.2 11.2 ms 440 (5 × 88)
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 1.60 M 770 µs 1.3e+03 770 µs 5270 (5 × 1054)
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 6.87 G 3.3 s 0.303 3.3 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 32.58 M 15.7 ms 63.8 15.7 ms 320 (5 × 64)
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 2.22 M 1.07 ms 936 1.07 ms 4100 (5 × 820)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 166137 2132 KiB 3160 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 166137 3008 KiB 3152 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 166137 3072 KiB 3136 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 213849 2148 KiB 3584 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 213849 3136 KiB 3368 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 213849 3312 KiB 3376 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 305521 2172 KiB 4564 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 305521 3664 KiB 4016 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 305521 3960 KiB 4032 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 303657 2168 KiB 4548 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 303657 3996 KiB 4404 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 303657 4328 KiB 4392 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 161729 2100 KiB 3812 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 161729 3028 KiB 20364 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 161729 3036 KiB 17196 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 209089 2140 KiB 5520 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 209089 3404 KiB 21552 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 209089 3588 KiB 16232 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 300953 2152 KiB 9288 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 300953 3812 KiB 21336 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 300953 4076 KiB 18568 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 299057 2180 KiB 9004 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 299057 3836 KiB 22096 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 299057 4236 KiB 16032 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key signature
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 800 11072 1483 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 1824 22336 3258 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 2720 45760 4743 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 3872 44864 7002 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-128 800 11072 1483 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-256 1824 22336 3258 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-384 2720 45760 4743 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-512 3872 44864 7002 ≈ nominal

The submitted signature API reports a buffer capacity, not a fixed transmitted length; the nominal figure above is the specification's representative size, and actual signatures vary.

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: instance-dependent — SM3 sets: counter XOF on sm3hash; SHAKE sets: own FIPS 202 (bypass)

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 0.3% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 796
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 75% 0.0% sm3hash 1.18e+03
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 55% 0.0% sm3hash 92
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 0.4% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 1.77e+03
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 77% 0.0% sm3hash 4.35e+03
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 59% 0.0% sm3hash 241
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 0.2% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 1.38e+04
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 74% 0.0% sm3hash 6.26e+03
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 59% 0.0% sm3hash 446
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 0.3% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 6.59e+03
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 76% 0.0% sm3hash 8.85e+03
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 55% 0.0% sm3hash 474

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 KAT log (sha256 3559fce51665e4e4…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 KAT log (sha256 1b3f5916ff3c9d6e…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 KAT log (sha256 2f14c775c51e2634…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 KAT log (sha256 a8fb3bfafed8377f…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 KAT log (sha256 790ffcbf37411ca1…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128.log
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 KAT log (sha256 ffdcf5cf85f00df6…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256.log
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 KAT log (sha256 6aedb8a92abbbf48…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384.log
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 KAT log (sha256 76fa3baf6bf63f87…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512.log
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__verify.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.