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Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-22 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-22 Rhyme — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory 30562 MiB
OS / kernel Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-22/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 guide PASS
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-128 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-256 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-384 guide PASS
Rhyme-SM3-512 guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 391.43 M 145 ms 6.89 145 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 1.60 M 592 µs 1.69e+03 592 µs 4590 (5 × 918)
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 139.2 k 51.7 µs 1.94e+04 51.4 µs 38370 (5 × 7674)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 866.01 M 321 ms 3.11 321 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 7.33 M 2.72 ms 368 2.72 ms 1105 (5 × 221)
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 372.4 k 138 µs 7.24e+03 136 µs 16945 (5 × 3389)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 3.40 G 1.26 s 0.793 1.26 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 3.47 M 1.29 ms 776 1.29 ms 2100 (5 × 420)
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 628.9 k 233 µs 4.28e+03 234 µs 10175 (5 × 2035)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 4.25 G 1.58 s 0.634 1.58 s 80 (5 × 16)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 7.25 M 2.69 ms 372 2.69 ms 1045 (5 × 209)
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 930.1 k 345 µs 2.9e+03 343 µs 7045 (5 × 1409)
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 420.26 M 156 ms 6.41 156 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 3.80 M 1.41 ms 709 1.41 ms 2085 (5 × 417)
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 274.1 k 102 µs 9.82e+03 102 µs 23955 (5 × 4791)
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 1.10 G 408 ms 2.45 408 ms 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 14.01 M 5.2 ms 192 5.19 ms 565 (5 × 113)
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 785.3 k 292 µs 3.43e+03 290 µs 8755 (5 × 1751)
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 2.96 G 1.1 s 0.91 1.1 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 20.72 M 7.69 ms 130 7.68 ms 405 (5 × 81)
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 1.40 M 520 µs 1.92e+03 519 µs 5550 (5 × 1110)
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 3.28 G 1.22 s 0.823 1.22 s 100 (5 × 20)
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 29.31 M 10.9 ms 91.9 10.8 ms 285 (5 × 57)
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 1.89 M 702 µs 1.42e+03 703 µs 4180 (5 × 836)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 158848 1588 KiB 2556 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 158848 3876 KiB 4020 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 158848 4412 KiB 4476 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 206680 1608 KiB 4028 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 206680 4460 KiB 4688 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 206680 4712 KiB 4776 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 298080 1636 KiB 5708 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 298080 5660 KiB 6012 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 298080 5692 KiB 5756 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 296568 1644 KiB 5760 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 296568 4988 KiB 5388 KiB
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 296568 5760 KiB 5824 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 155424 1592 KiB 5304 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 155424 4244 KiB 19916 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 155424 2508 KiB 18184 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 207072 1608 KiB 6704 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 207072 4180 KiB 20100 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 207072 4852 KiB 18040 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 294536 1636 KiB 10568 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 294536 5552 KiB 21208 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 294536 5440 KiB 19864 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 292912 1644 KiB 9904 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 292912 5448 KiB 20856 KiB
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 292912 5900 KiB 17148 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key signature
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 800 11072 1483 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 1824 22336 3258 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 2720 45760 4743 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 3872 44864 7002 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-128 800 11072 1483 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-256 1824 22336 3258 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-384 2720 45760 4743 ≈ nominal
Rhyme-SM3-512 3872 44864 7002 ≈ nominal

The submitted signature API reports a buffer capacity, not a fixed transmitted length; the nominal figure above is the specification's representative size, and actual signatures vary.

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: instance-dependent — SM3 sets: counter XOF on sm3hash; SHAKE sets: own FIPS 202 (bypass)

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 keygen 0.0% 0.0% drng 1
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 sign 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 verify 0.0% 0.0% –
Rhyme-SM3-128 keygen 0.7% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 953
Rhyme-SM3-128 sign 81% 0.0% sm3hash 1.18e+03
Rhyme-SM3-128 verify 64% 0.0% sm3hash 92
Rhyme-SM3-256 keygen 0.9% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 1.77e+03
Rhyme-SM3-256 sign 82% 0.0% sm3hash 4.35e+03
Rhyme-SM3-256 verify 66% 0.0% sm3hash 241
Rhyme-SM3-384 keygen 0.5% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 1.38e+04
Rhyme-SM3-384 sign 80% 0.0% sm3hash 6.26e+03
Rhyme-SM3-384 verify 65% 0.0% sm3hash 446
Rhyme-SM3-512 keygen 0.6% 0.0% drng 1, sm3hash 6.59e+03
Rhyme-SM3-512 sign 81% 0.0% sm3hash 8.85e+03
Rhyme-SM3-512 verify 62% 0.0% sm3hash 474

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 KAT log (sha256 fb31d19acdd3d901…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-128 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 KAT log (sha256 1e0baf52abf29bb1…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-256 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 KAT log (sha256 960929cd2bbdd68c…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-384 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 KAT log (sha256 e3a85502f0ae9b7f…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512.log
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SHAKE-512 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SHAKE-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 KAT log (sha256 6bab502cc5fbb099…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128.log
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-128 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-128__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 KAT log (sha256 75ec3acd7b40e127…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256.log
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-256 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-256__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 KAT log (sha256 0d25194d08819cf7…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384.log
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-384 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-384__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 KAT log (sha256 7f6a15f4e5f4530f…) kat/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512.log
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing keygen records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing sign records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 timing verify records/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__verify.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile keygen profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__keygen.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile sign profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__sign.json
Rhyme-SM3-512 hash profile verify profile/sign-22/Rhyme-SM3-512__verify.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.