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Performance measurements › x86_1 › sign-28 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-28 SYDO — performance on x86-64 (system x86_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS x86 self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

2. Assessment environment

item value
processor 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700 (CPU 2, one core)
clock max 2.10 GHz, governor performance, turbo off, SMT off
memory 31788 MiB
OS / kernel Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) / 6.12.107+deb13-amd64
compiler / build tool gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0 / cmake version 3.31.6
campaign start / end (UTC) 2026-09-25T10:02:21 / 2026-09-28T10:51:21

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-28/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance build flags KAT
sydo_160f guide PASS
sydo_160s guide PASS
sydo_256f guide PASS
sydo_256s guide PASS
sydo_512f guide PASS
sydo_512s guide PASS

4. Performance

instance operation mean cycles mean time ops/s median trial n (trials × iters)
sydo_160f keygen 901.2 k 430 µs 2.32e+03 430 µs 11240 (5 × 2248)
sydo_160f sign 443.76 M 212 ms 4.71 212 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_160f verify 449.76 M 217 ms 4.62 215 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_160s keygen 901.6 k 431 µs 2.32e+03 431 µs 11195 (5 × 2239)
sydo_160s sign 1.12 G 537 ms 1.86 537 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_160s verify 1.11 G 529 ms 1.89 529 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_256f keygen 1.60 M 763 µs 1.31e+03 763 µs 6325 (5 × 1265)
sydo_256f sign 967.48 M 466 ms 2.14 464 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_256f verify 1.00 G 481 ms 2.08 478 ms 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_256s keygen 1.60 M 763 µs 1.31e+03 763 µs 6405 (5 × 1281)
sydo_256s sign 2.40 G 1.16 s 0.865 1.16 s 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_256s verify 2.43 G 1.17 s 0.856 1.17 s 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_512f keygen 577.0 k 276 µs 3.62e+03 277 µs 17220 (5 × 3444)
sydo_512f sign 2.49 G 1.2 s 0.833 1.2 s 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_512f verify 2.65 G 1.27 s 0.787 1.27 s 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_512s keygen 570.3 k 273 µs 3.66e+03 273 µs 16530 (5 × 3306)
sydo_512s sign 4.30 G 2.07 s 0.482 2.08 s 100 (5 × 20)
sydo_512s verify 4.36 G 2.1 s 0.477 2.1 s 100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance operation static: ELF image (bytes) baseline RSS peak RSS
sydo_160f keygen 269273 1804 KiB 1872 KiB
sydo_160f sign 269273 1808 KiB 4076 KiB
sydo_160f verify 269273 2156 KiB 3668 KiB
sydo_160s keygen 269273 1764 KiB 1896 KiB
sydo_160s sign 269273 1808 KiB 6396 KiB
sydo_160s verify 269273 2188 KiB 6024 KiB
sydo_256f keygen 269273 1816 KiB 1916 KiB
sydo_256f sign 269273 1820 KiB 6512 KiB
sydo_256f verify 269273 2272 KiB 6300 KiB
sydo_256s keygen 269273 1772 KiB 1896 KiB
sydo_256s sign 269273 1820 KiB 12576 KiB
sydo_256s verify 269273 2328 KiB 12404 KiB
sydo_512f keygen 269273 1880 KiB 1944 KiB
sydo_512f sign 269273 1844 KiB 18240 KiB
sydo_512f verify 269273 2252 KiB 18004 KiB
sydo_512s keygen 269273 1852 KiB 1916 KiB
sydo_512s sign 269273 1820 KiB 42596 KiB
sydo_512s verify 269273 2404 KiB 42404 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance public key secret key signature
sydo_160f 80 174 6724
sydo_160s 80 174 5428
sydo_256f 128 278 17604
sydo_256s 128 278 14444
sydo_512f 246 534 67716
sydo_512s 246 534 56672

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: mixed — hashing via pseudoXOF; PRGs via own AES/Rijndael and a BLAKE2s-round cipher

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance operation pseudohash/XOF/sm3 DRNG calls per operation
sydo_160f keygen 1.3% 0.7% drng 1, pseudoXOF 8
sydo_160f sign 2.1% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 35.4
sydo_160f verify 2.1% 0.0% pseudoXOF 25
sydo_160s keygen 1.3% 0.7% drng 1, pseudoXOF 8
sydo_160s sign 5.3% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.71e+03
sydo_160s verify 4.5% 0.0% pseudoXOF 19
sydo_256f keygen 1.1% 0.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 12
sydo_256f sign 2.5% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 50
sydo_256f verify 2.5% 0.0% pseudoXOF 37
sydo_256s keygen 1.1% 0.4% drng 1, pseudoXOF 12
sydo_256s sign 5.5% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 145
sydo_256s verify 5.4% 0.0% pseudoXOF 28
sydo_512f keygen 12% 1.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 23
sydo_512f sign 7.8% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 97.3
sydo_512f verify 7.4% 0.0% pseudoXOF 69
sydo_512s keygen 11% 1.6% drng 1, pseudoXOF 23
sydo_512s sign 26% 0.0% drng 1, pseudoXOF 2.98e+03
sydo_512s verify 24% 0.0% pseudoXOF 51

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/x86_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance item file
sydo_160f KAT log (sha256 2bf6097e2c78f39a…) kat/sign-28/sydo_160f.log
sydo_160f timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_160f__keygen.json
sydo_160f timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_160f__sign.json
sydo_160f timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_160f__verify.json
sydo_160f hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_160f__keygen.json
sydo_160f hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_160f__sign.json
sydo_160f hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_160f__verify.json
sydo_160s KAT log (sha256 074c21af4137e488…) kat/sign-28/sydo_160s.log
sydo_160s timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_160s__keygen.json
sydo_160s timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_160s__sign.json
sydo_160s timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_160s__verify.json
sydo_160s hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_160s__keygen.json
sydo_160s hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_160s__sign.json
sydo_160s hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_160s__verify.json
sydo_256f KAT log (sha256 b0647264ed92bf7c…) kat/sign-28/sydo_256f.log
sydo_256f timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_256f__keygen.json
sydo_256f timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_256f__sign.json
sydo_256f timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_256f__verify.json
sydo_256f hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_256f__keygen.json
sydo_256f hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_256f__sign.json
sydo_256f hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_256f__verify.json
sydo_256s KAT log (sha256 4b89775e4fd29635…) kat/sign-28/sydo_256s.log
sydo_256s timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_256s__keygen.json
sydo_256s timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_256s__sign.json
sydo_256s timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_256s__verify.json
sydo_256s hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_256s__keygen.json
sydo_256s hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_256s__sign.json
sydo_256s hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_256s__verify.json
sydo_512f KAT log (sha256 801ca661746d20c3…) kat/sign-28/sydo_512f.log
sydo_512f timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_512f__keygen.json
sydo_512f timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_512f__sign.json
sydo_512f timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_512f__verify.json
sydo_512f hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_512f__keygen.json
sydo_512f hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_512f__sign.json
sydo_512f hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_512f__verify.json
sydo_512s KAT log (sha256 31c1983d7fa39ac0…) kat/sign-28/sydo_512s.log
sydo_512s timing keygen records/sign-28/sydo_512s__keygen.json
sydo_512s timing sign records/sign-28/sydo_512s__sign.json
sydo_512s timing verify records/sign-28/sydo_512s__verify.json
sydo_512s hash profile keygen profile/sign-28/sydo_512s__keygen.json
sydo_512s hash profile sign profile/sign-28/sydo_512s__sign.json
sydo_512s hash profile verify profile/sign-28/sydo_512s__verify.json

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.