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Performance measurements › arm_1 › kem-11 · system: x86_1 · arm_1
kem-11 COMPASS-KEM — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)
Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.
1. Basic information
- Category: public-key algorithm; function: key encapsulation
- Algorithm: COMPASS-KEM
- Implementation versions measured: reference
- Parameter sets:
COMPASS-KEM-128,COMPASS-KEM-256,COMPASS-KEM-384,COMPASS-KEM-512 - Security evaluation: kem-11 report
- Measurement method: arm_1 method
- Submission: NICCS page
2. Assessment environment
| item | value |
|---|---|
| processor | Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core) |
| machine | ASUS Vivobook S 15 |
| clock | fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none |
| memory | 30562 MiB |
| OS / kernel | Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic |
| compiler / build tool | gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3 |
| campaign start / end (UTC) | 2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52 |
3. Functional testing (KAT)
Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest kem-11/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.
| instance | build flags | KAT |
|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
guide | PASS |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
guide | PASS |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
guide | PASS |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
guide | PASS |
4. Performance
| instance | operation | mean cycles | mean time | ops/s | median trial | n (trials × iters) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
keygen | 1.51 M | 561 µs | 1.78e+03 | 561 µs | 5455 (5 × 1091) |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
enc | 1.53 M | 568 µs | 1.76e+03 | 569 µs | 5495 (5 × 1099) |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
dec | 1.55 M | 577 µs | 1.73e+03 | 577 µs | 5395 (5 × 1079) |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
keygen | 5.88 M | 2.18 ms | 459 | 2.18 ms | 1420 (5 × 284) |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
enc | 5.90 M | 2.19 ms | 457 | 2.19 ms | 1445 (5 × 289) |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
dec | 5.94 M | 2.2 ms | 454 | 2.2 ms | 1435 (5 × 287) |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
keygen | 3.53 M | 1.31 ms | 763 | 1.31 ms | 2315 (5 × 463) |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
enc | 3.67 M | 1.36 ms | 735 | 1.35 ms | 2325 (5 × 465) |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
dec | 3.75 M | 1.39 ms | 719 | 1.39 ms | 2140 (5 × 428) |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
keygen | 6.21 M | 2.3 ms | 434 | 2.29 ms | 1365 (5 × 273) |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
enc | 6.37 M | 2.36 ms | 423 | 2.34 ms | 1275 (5 × 255) |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
dec | 6.46 M | 2.4 ms | 418 | 2.4 ms | 1315 (5 × 263) |
5. Resource consumption
Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.
| instance | operation | static: ELF image (bytes) | baseline RSS | peak RSS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
keygen | 24544 | 1416 KiB | 1496 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
enc | 24544 | 1432 KiB | 1500 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
dec | 24544 | 1432 KiB | 1500 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
keygen | 24976 | 1420 KiB | 1508 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
enc | 24976 | 1444 KiB | 1512 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
dec | 24976 | 1444 KiB | 1512 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
keygen | 26128 | 1424 KiB | 1516 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
enc | 26128 | 1448 KiB | 1520 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
dec | 26128 | 1452 KiB | 1524 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
keygen | 26208 | 1428 KiB | 1536 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
enc | 26208 | 3500 KiB | 3564 KiB |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
dec | 26208 | 1472 KiB | 1544 KiB |
6. Transmission and storage overhead
External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.
| instance | public key | secret key | ciphertext | shared secret |
|---|---|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
672 | 1504 | 768 | 32 |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
1312 | 2912 | 1472 | 32 |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
2144 | 4704 | 2432 | 32 |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
2848 | 6240 | 3264 | 32 |
Symmetric primitives
Survey verdict: ICCS-only — shake* names are shims over pseudoXOF
Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):
| instance | operation | pseudohash/XOF/sm3 | DRNG | calls per operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
keygen | 97% | 0.4% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 6, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
enc | 96% | 0.3% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 6, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
dec | 94% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 7, pseudohash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
keygen | 98% | 0.1% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 20, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
enc | 97% | 0.1% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 20, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
dec | 97% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 21, pseudohash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
keygen | 93% | 0.2% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 12, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
enc | 91% | 0.1% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 12, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
dec | 88% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 13, pseudohash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
keygen | 94% | 0.1% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 20, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
enc | 93% | 0.1% | drng 1, pseudoXOF 20, pseudohash 1, sm3hash 1 |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
dec | 91% | 0.0% | pseudoXOF 21, pseudohash 1 |
7. Raw evidence index
Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.
| instance | item | file |
|---|---|---|
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
KAT log (sha256 dbc283a62e47ee76…) |
kat/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128.log |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
timing dec | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
timing enc | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
timing keygen | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-128 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-128__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
KAT log (sha256 c52543665853268a…) |
kat/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256.log |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
timing dec | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
timing enc | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
timing keygen | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-256 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-256__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
KAT log (sha256 b9a5b47f1a5c37f2…) |
kat/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384.log |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
timing dec | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
timing enc | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
timing keygen | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-384 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-384__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
KAT log (sha256 eb46faa326ec90ae…) |
kat/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512.log |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
timing dec | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
timing enc | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
timing keygen | records/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__keygen.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
hash profile dec | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__dec.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
hash profile enc | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__enc.json |
COMPASS-KEM-512 |
hash profile keygen | profile/kem-11/COMPASS-KEM-512__keygen.json |
Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.