Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-04 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-04 CEDRUSɑ — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: CEDRUSɑ
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: CEDRUSALPHA-160f, CEDRUSALPHA-160s, CEDRUSALPHA-256f, CEDRUSALPHA-256s, CEDRUSALPHA-384f, CEDRUSALPHA-384s, CEDRUSALPHA-512f, CEDRUSALPHA-512s
Security evaluation: sign-04 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-04/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	guide	PASS
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	keygen	15.29 M	5.67 ms	176	5.63 ms	540 (5 × 108)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	sign	539.58 M	200 ms	5	200 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	verify	16.75 M	6.21 ms	161	6.21 ms	495 (5 × 99)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	keygen	494.89 M	184 ms	5.45	184 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	sign	7.35 G	2.73 s	0.367	2.73 s	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	verify	18.11 M	6.72 ms	149	6.72 ms	470 (5 × 94)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	keygen	49.08 M	18.2 ms	54.9	18.2 ms	140 (5 × 28)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	sign	1.27 G	472 ms	2.12	470 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	verify	22.63 M	8.4 ms	119	8.39 ms	380 (5 × 76)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	keygen	743.45 M	276 ms	3.63	276 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	sign	11.33 G	4.2 s	0.238	4.19 s	90 (5 × 18)
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	verify	27.40 M	10.2 ms	98.4	10.2 ms	315 (5 × 63)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	keygen	607.42 M	225 ms	4.44	224 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	sign	11.81 G	4.38 s	0.228	4.37 s	85 (5 × 17)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	verify	117.06 M	43.4 ms	23	43.4 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	keygen	3.88 G	1.44 s	0.695	1.44 s	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	sign	42.44 G	15.7 s	0.0635	15.6 s	20 (5 × 4)
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	verify	65.29 M	24.2 ms	41.3	24 ms	135 (5 × 27)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	keygen	1.51 G	560 ms	1.78	560 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	sign	19.86 G	7.37 s	0.136	7.37 s	50 (5 × 10)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	verify	137.72 M	51.1 ms	19.6	51.1 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	keygen	7.30 G	2.71 s	0.369	2.71 s	100 (5 × 20)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	sign	84.16 G	31.2 s	0.032	31.2 s	10 (5 × 2)
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	verify	121.91 M	45.2 ms	22.1	45.2 ms	100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	keygen	248864	1440 KiB	1720 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	sign	248864	3688 KiB	3752 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	verify	248864	1656 KiB	1720 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	keygen	377728	1432 KiB	1828 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	sign	377728	1764 KiB	1828 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	verify	377728	1764 KiB	1828 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	keygen	1125044	1464 KiB	2592 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	sign	1125044	2528 KiB	2592 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	verify	1125044	2524 KiB	2588 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	keygen	1689260	1448 KiB	3112 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	sign	1689260	3048 KiB	3112 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	verify	1689260	5064 KiB	5128 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	keygen	4502484	1496 KiB	5896 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	sign	4502484	7864 KiB	7928 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	verify	4502484	5824 KiB	7936 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	keygen	3940612	1480 KiB	5344 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	sign	3940612	5276 KiB	7376 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	verify	3940612	5280 KiB	5348 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	keygen	10101852	1548 KiB	11388 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	sign	10101852	11320 KiB	11392 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	verify	10101852	11320 KiB	11392 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	keygen	11399340	1516 KiB	12608 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	sign	11399340	12540 KiB	12608 KiB
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	verify	11399340	14452 KiB	14516 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	40	80	19420
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	40	80	10300
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	64	128	43296
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	64	128	25568
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	96	192	76176
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	96	192	60672
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	128	256	127488
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	128	256	98048

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	keygen	97%	0.0%	drng 1, sm3hash 5.74e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	sign	97%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 2.05e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	verify	97%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 6.09e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	keygen	97%	0.0%	drng 1, sm3hash 1.85e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	sign	97%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 2.75e+06
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	verify	97%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 6.65e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	keygen	97%	0.0%	drng 1, sm3hash 1.82e+04
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	sign	97%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 4.64e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	verify	96%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 8.01e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	keygen	97%	0.0%	drng 1, sm3hash 2.78e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	sign	97%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 4.17e+06
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	verify	96%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1, sm3hash 9.95e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 7.63e+04
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	sign	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.51e+06
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	verify	99%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1.45e+04
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 4.92e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	sign	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 5.36e+06
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	verify	98%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 7.96e+03
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.9e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	sign	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 2.5e+06
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	verify	98%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1.66e+04
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	keygen	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 9.18e+05
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	sign	99%	0.0%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 1.06e+07
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	verify	98%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 1.47e+04

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	KAT log (sha256 `152206311d5445f1…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	KAT log (sha256 `6cee78969fb3159e…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-160s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-160s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	KAT log (sha256 `4e8cba962c6e2a49…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	KAT log (sha256 `925ebb5fafafd670…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-256s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-256s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	KAT log (sha256 `c1c610c80d5317b3…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	KAT log (sha256 `d49255fbcd986b11…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-384s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-384s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	KAT log (sha256 `3fe07db393a89dd2…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512f`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512f__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	KAT log (sha256 `e196c87b22c20f22…`)	`kat/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s.log`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	timing keygen	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	timing sign	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	timing verify	`records/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__verify.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__keygen.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__sign.json`
`CEDRUSALPHA-512s`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-04/CEDRUSALPHA-512s__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.