Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-08 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-08 DARTS — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: DARTS
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: DARTS128, DARTS256, DARTS512
Security evaluation: sign-08 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-08/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`DARTS128`	guide	PASS
`DARTS256`	guide	PASS
`DARTS512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`DARTS128`	keygen	792.1 k	294 µs	3.4e+03	293 µs	16755 (5 × 3351)
`DARTS128`	sign	42.56 M	15.8 ms	63.3	15.7 ms	205 (5 × 41)
`DARTS128`	verify	316.0 k	117 µs	8.53e+03	117 µs	25825 (5 × 5165)
`DARTS256`	keygen	1.07 M	396 µs	2.52e+03	396 µs	8395 (5 × 1679)
`DARTS256`	sign	31.33 M	11.6 ms	86	11.6 ms	270 (5 × 54)
`DARTS256`	verify	798.8 k	296 µs	3.37e+03	293 µs	10270 (5 × 2054)
`DARTS512`	keygen	1.84 M	683 µs	1.46e+03	678 µs	4415 (5 × 883)
`DARTS512`	sign	9.97 M	3.7 ms	270	3.7 ms	840 (5 × 168)
`DARTS512`	verify	1.54 M	571 µs	1.75e+03	570 µs	5430 (5 × 1086)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`DARTS128`	keygen	50576	1444 KiB	1540 KiB
`DARTS128`	sign	50576	1472 KiB	3624 KiB
`DARTS128`	verify	50576	1536 KiB	1600 KiB
`DARTS256`	keygen	53360	3480 KiB	3592 KiB
`DARTS256`	sign	53360	1500 KiB	1668 KiB
`DARTS256`	verify	53360	1592 KiB	1660 KiB
`DARTS512`	keygen	59728	3492 KiB	3656 KiB
`DARTS512`	sign	59728	1568 KiB	1828 KiB
`DARTS512`	verify	59728	1756 KiB	1820 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`DARTS128`	1120	1536	1449
`DARTS256`	2208	2880	2489
`DARTS512`	4672	6016	5851

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — x4 shake names loop over the ICCS XOF

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`DARTS128`	keygen	53%	0.5%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 8.61, pseudohash 8.61
`DARTS128`	sign	90%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 210, pseudohash 83
`DARTS128`	verify	68%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 3, pseudohash 3
`DARTS256`	keygen	70%	0.4%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 19.1, pseudohash 12
`DARTS256`	sign	89%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 148, pseudohash 55
`DARTS256`	verify	75%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 6, pseudohash 6
`DARTS512`	keygen	66%	0.3%	drng 1, pseudoXOF 50, pseudohash 10
`DARTS512`	sign	88%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 77, pseudohash 13
`DARTS512`	verify	78%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 47, pseudohash 6

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`DARTS128`	KAT log (sha256 `90fe2a8656951957…`)	`kat/sign-08/DARTS128.log`
`DARTS128`	timing keygen	`records/sign-08/DARTS128__keygen.json`
`DARTS128`	timing sign	`records/sign-08/DARTS128__sign.json`
`DARTS128`	timing verify	`records/sign-08/DARTS128__verify.json`
`DARTS128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-08/DARTS128__keygen.json`
`DARTS128`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-08/DARTS128__sign.json`
`DARTS128`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-08/DARTS128__verify.json`
`DARTS256`	KAT log (sha256 `303c94164bf10d95…`)	`kat/sign-08/DARTS256.log`
`DARTS256`	timing keygen	`records/sign-08/DARTS256__keygen.json`
`DARTS256`	timing sign	`records/sign-08/DARTS256__sign.json`
`DARTS256`	timing verify	`records/sign-08/DARTS256__verify.json`
`DARTS256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-08/DARTS256__keygen.json`
`DARTS256`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-08/DARTS256__sign.json`
`DARTS256`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-08/DARTS256__verify.json`
`DARTS512`	KAT log (sha256 `b4b786dd37a6582c…`)	`kat/sign-08/DARTS512.log`
`DARTS512`	timing keygen	`records/sign-08/DARTS512__keygen.json`
`DARTS512`	timing sign	`records/sign-08/DARTS512__sign.json`
`DARTS512`	timing verify	`records/sign-08/DARTS512__verify.json`
`DARTS512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-08/DARTS512__keygen.json`
`DARTS512`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-08/DARTS512__sign.json`
`DARTS512`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-08/DARTS512__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.