Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-20 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-20 Qing Luan — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: Qing Luan
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: QingLuan-128, QingLuan-256, QingLuan-384, QingLuan-512
Security evaluation: sign-20 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-20/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`QingLuan-128`	guide	PASS
`QingLuan-256`	guide	PASS
`QingLuan-384`	guide	PASS
`QingLuan-512`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`QingLuan-128`	keygen	259.4 k	96.2 µs	1.04e+04	95.5 µs	30190 (5 × 6038)
`QingLuan-128`	sign	14.93 M	5.54 ms	180	5.54 ms	570 (5 × 114)
`QingLuan-128`	verify	6.83 M	2.53 ms	395	2.53 ms	1240 (5 × 248)
`QingLuan-256`	keygen	1.60 M	595 µs	1.68e+03	595 µs	5195 (5 × 1039)
`QingLuan-256`	sign	93.84 M	34.8 ms	28.7	34.7 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`QingLuan-256`	verify	43.03 M	16 ms	62.6	16 ms	200 (5 × 40)
`QingLuan-384`	keygen	3.44 M	1.28 ms	783	1.28 ms	2435 (5 × 487)
`QingLuan-384`	sign	227.75 M	84.5 ms	11.8	84.5 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`QingLuan-384`	verify	108.13 M	40.1 ms	24.9	40.1 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`QingLuan-512`	keygen	8.44 M	3.13 ms	319	3.13 ms	1000 (5 × 200)
`QingLuan-512`	sign	538.64 M	200 ms	5	200 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`QingLuan-512`	verify	255.28 M	94.7 ms	10.6	94.6 ms	100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`QingLuan-128`	keygen	31884	1444 KiB	1512 KiB
`QingLuan-128`	sign	31884	1448 KiB	1628 KiB
`QingLuan-128`	verify	31884	3560 KiB	3624 KiB
`QingLuan-256`	keygen	32288	1500 KiB	1576 KiB
`QingLuan-256`	sign	32288	1508 KiB	3692 KiB
`QingLuan-256`	verify	32288	3772 KiB	3836 KiB
`QingLuan-384`	keygen	32412	1588 KiB	1684 KiB
`QingLuan-384`	sign	32412	1616 KiB	4924 KiB
`QingLuan-384`	verify	32412	4396 KiB	4704 KiB
`QingLuan-512`	keygen	32672	3508 KiB	3572 KiB
`QingLuan-512`	sign	32672	3556 KiB	6076 KiB
`QingLuan-512`	verify	32672	4000 KiB	5748 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`QingLuan-128`	77	32	18720
`QingLuan-256`	153	64	74248
`QingLuan-384`	227	96	164940
`QingLuan-512`	302	128	292816

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — builds wide hash and counter XOF on sm3hash, not pseudohash/pseudoXOF

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`QingLuan-128`	keygen	68%	1.6%	drng 1, sm3hash 133
`QingLuan-128`	sign	63%	0.1%	drng 2, sm3hash 5.93e+03
`QingLuan-128`	verify	64%	0.0%	sm3hash 2.54e+03
`QingLuan-256`	keygen	81%	0.3%	drng 1, sm3hash 497
`QingLuan-256`	sign	76%	0.0%	drng 2, sm3hash 2.28e+04
`QingLuan-256`	verify	77%	0.0%	sm3hash 9.73e+03
`QingLuan-384`	keygen	82%	0.2%	drng 1, sm3hash 1.07e+03
`QingLuan-384`	sign	77%	0.0%	drng 2, sm3hash 5.01e+04
`QingLuan-384`	verify	80%	0.0%	sm3hash 2.13e+04
`QingLuan-512`	keygen	86%	0.1%	drng 1, sm3hash 1.87e+03
`QingLuan-512`	sign	82%	0.0%	drng 2, sm3hash 8.85e+04
`QingLuan-512`	verify	84%	0.0%	sm3hash 3.76e+04

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`QingLuan-128`	KAT log (sha256 `27641702af1bac89…`)	`kat/sign-20/QingLuan-128.log`
`QingLuan-128`	timing keygen	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-128__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-128`	timing sign	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-128__sign.json`
`QingLuan-128`	timing verify	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-128__verify.json`
`QingLuan-128`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-128__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-128`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-128__sign.json`
`QingLuan-128`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-128__verify.json`
`QingLuan-256`	KAT log (sha256 `92604f0ea56dafe9…`)	`kat/sign-20/QingLuan-256.log`
`QingLuan-256`	timing keygen	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-256__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-256`	timing sign	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-256__sign.json`
`QingLuan-256`	timing verify	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-256__verify.json`
`QingLuan-256`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-256__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-256`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-256__sign.json`
`QingLuan-256`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-256__verify.json`
`QingLuan-384`	KAT log (sha256 `74a73c25081b5b42…`)	`kat/sign-20/QingLuan-384.log`
`QingLuan-384`	timing keygen	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-384__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-384`	timing sign	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-384__sign.json`
`QingLuan-384`	timing verify	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-384__verify.json`
`QingLuan-384`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-384__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-384`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-384__sign.json`
`QingLuan-384`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-384__verify.json`
`QingLuan-512`	KAT log (sha256 `ed2031c69e9759cb…`)	`kat/sign-20/QingLuan-512.log`
`QingLuan-512`	timing keygen	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-512__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-512`	timing sign	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-512__sign.json`
`QingLuan-512`	timing verify	`records/sign-20/QingLuan-512__verify.json`
`QingLuan-512`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-512__keygen.json`
`QingLuan-512`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-512__sign.json`
`QingLuan-512`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-20/QingLuan-512__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.