Performance measurements › arm_1 › sign-27 · system: x86_1 · arm_1

sign-27 SQIsignTriangle — performance on AArch64 (system arm_1)

Independent measurement following the structure of the NICCS ARM self-assessment guide, §3.5 (1)–(7). Not a submitter self-assessment.

1. Basic information

Category: public-key algorithm; function: digital signature
Algorithm: SQIsignTriangle
Implementation versions measured: reference
Parameter sets: SQIsignTriangle_lvl1, SQIsignTriangle_lvl2, SQIsignTriangle_lvl5, SQIsignTriangle_lvl6
Security evaluation: sign-27 report
Measurement method: arm_1 method
Submission: NICCS page

2. Assessment environment

item	value
processor	Qualcomm Oryon (CPU 2, one core)
machine	ASUS Vivobook S 15
clock	fixed 2.71 GHz (governor performance, minimum = maximum), boost off, SMT none
memory	30562 MiB
OS / kernel	Ubuntu 26.04.1 LTS / 7.0.0-34-generic
compiler / build tool	gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 / cmake version 4.2.3
campaign start / end (UTC)	2026-09-28T15:05:46 / 2026-09-29T08:43:52

3. Functional testing (KAT)

Each library was checked against the submitted KAT vectors (SHA-256 manifest sign-27/kat.sha256 in the harness) before timing.

instance	build flags	KAT
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	guide	PASS
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	guide	PASS
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	guide	PASS
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	guide	PASS

4. Performance

instance	operation	mean cycles	mean time	ops/s	median trial	n (trials × iters)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	keygen	96.61 M	35.8 ms	27.9	35.8 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	sign	185.52 M	68.8 ms	14.5	67.8 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	verify	16.49 M	6.12 ms	163	6.12 ms	495 (5 × 99)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	keygen	148.83 M	55.2 ms	18.1	55.3 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	sign	343.83 M	128 ms	7.84	124 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	verify	25.75 M	9.55 ms	105	9.54 ms	330 (5 × 66)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	keygen	477.10 M	177 ms	5.65	170 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	sign	913.34 M	339 ms	2.95	339 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	verify	134.00 M	49.7 ms	20.1	49.8 ms	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	keygen	3.51 G	1.3 s	0.768	1.3 s	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	sign	9.03 G	3.35 s	0.298	3.25 s	100 (5 × 20)
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	verify	3.06 G	1.13 s	0.881	1.13 s	100 (5 × 20)

5. Resource consumption

Static memory is approximated by the library's loadable ELF segments; peak memory is the process high-water mark (VmHWM) including the benchmark driver and libc, so both are upper-bound proxies rather than isolated algorithm memory.

instance	operation	static: ELF image (bytes)	baseline RSS	peak RSS
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	keygen	262712	1668 KiB	2564 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	sign	262712	2380 KiB	4560 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	verify	262712	4492 KiB	4556 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	keygen	255696	1656 KiB	4544 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	sign	255696	2408 KiB	4832 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	verify	255696	4584 KiB	4648 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	keygen	262996	1668 KiB	4576 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	sign	262996	4476 KiB	4548 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	verify	262996	4668 KiB	4732 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	keygen	273488	1680 KiB	4632 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	sign	273488	2680 KiB	4964 KiB
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	verify	273488	2956 KiB	3056 KiB

6. Transmission and storage overhead

External public-key, ciphertext and signature sizes follow the curated performance/external_sizes.csv catalog; secret-key and shared-secret lengths remain API figures. See the size audit for disagreements.

instance	public key	secret key	signature
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	65	353	204
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	81	437	255
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	129	701	408
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	257	1409	816

Symmetric primitives

Survey verdict: ICCS-only — shake* names are shims over pseudoXOF

Share of each operation spent in the ICCS placeholder hash functions and in the ICCS DRNG (reference build, measured in the same run with link-time wrappers):

instance	operation	pseudohash/XOF/sm3	DRNG	calls per operation
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	keygen	0.0%	7.5%	drng 1.62e+03
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	sign	3.0%	8.4%	drng 3.56e+03, pseudoXOF 49.3
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	verify	4.0%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 21
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	keygen	0.0%	4.6%	drng 1.59e+03
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	sign	6.1%	5.1%	drng 4.59e+03, pseudoXOF 76.9
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	verify	0.4%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 7
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	keygen	0.0%	2.9%	drng 3.13e+03
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	sign	4.4%	3.4%	drng 8.01e+03, pseudoXOF 67.8
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	verify	42%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 121
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	keygen	0.0%	0.7%	drng 4.72e+03
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	sign	2.1%	0.6%	drng 1.07e+04, pseudoXOF 119
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	verify	84%	0.0%	pseudoXOF 506

7. Raw evidence index

Paths are relative to performance/data/arm_1/ in the harness; each JSON file records its commands, environment and trials.

instance	item	file
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	KAT log (sha256 `50654ed991102bb7…`)	`kat/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1.log`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	timing keygen	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	timing sign	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	timing verify	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl1`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl1__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	KAT log (sha256 `abdd3dc441e83e18…`)	`kat/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2.log`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	timing keygen	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	timing sign	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	timing verify	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl2`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl2__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	KAT log (sha256 `cd59356ad08ce15a…`)	`kat/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5.log`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	timing keygen	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	timing sign	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	timing verify	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl5`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl5__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	KAT log (sha256 `a74525bc7fb68cd1…`)	`kat/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6.log`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	timing keygen	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	timing sign	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	timing verify	`records/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__verify.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	hash profile keygen	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__keygen.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	hash profile sign	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__sign.json`
`SQIsignTriangle_lvl6`	hash profile verify	`profile/sign-27/SQIsignTriangle_lvl6__verify.json`

Scripts: performance/campaign.py, performance/ngcc_perf.c, performance/hashprof/ in the harness.